Caregivers of Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease

Caregivers of Individuals with Alzheimer’s disease

Leila Pouttu, 77, suffered from Alzheimer’s disease, and her husband Donald was devoted to caring for her. “He was always there for her, always,” a friend of the couple commented. “He never left the house other than to ride his bike around and go swimming every morning”. The Pouttus had no local relatives and no children. Both were retired and lived in their house for 29 years (Kornacki, S., 2006d).

The couple died together in their home on a Thursday morning. Firefighters went to the home to put out a blaze and discovered the bodies. Police detectives said that both sustained gunshot wounds from a gun found at the scene. Detectives determined the deaths as murder-suicide (2006d).

Alzheimer’s has a major impact on those who help care for an affected individual. Seventy percent of people with Alzheimer are living at home, where family and friends provide most of their care. As the disease progresses, it places physical, emotional and financial stress on caregivers as they assume growing responsibilities that may include meeting physical need, managing daily routines and making important medical and legal decisions (Alzheimer’s Association, 2007).

Vulnerable population

A diagnosis of Alzheimer’s in a loved one has as enormous effect on the person with the disease, but the progressive nature of the disease also places a tremendous strain on the person’s family, friends and especially the primary caretaker. Depression and high levels of stress are seen commonly in family caregivers of people who have Alzheimer’s (National Institutes of Health, n.d.).

High financial burden, loneliness, physical and emotional burnout вЂ" and possibly even death: these are the things that await people who take care of relatives with Alzheimer’s (Page, S., 2006a). Beginning in 1993, researchers examined the records of 518,240 couples between the ages of 65 and 98 on Medicare in the United States. No other diseases, other than psychiatric illness, came close to having the negative affects that dementia had on caregiving spouses (2006a).

Significance of problems related to its vulnerability

Depression is more common in those giving care to patients with Alzheimer’s disease than it is in the patients themselves. 50% of the caregivers for Alzheimer’s patients are depressed. Caring for someone with Alzheimer’s disease is one of the greatest challenges of elder care. Providing this type of care is sometimes described as the reverse of raising a child. In the movement from infancy toward adulthood, the child keeps getting more capable and independent, mentally and physically. The relationship with the caregiver becomes richer and more varied as the child grows. Conversely, Alzheimer’s patients lose ones ability after another. They give less feedback and fewer rewards as time goes on and ultimately require as much care as an infant. Caregiving can become so demanding and all-consuming that its makes caregivers vulnerable to problems of their own (Alzheimer’s Caregivers Support, n.d.).

Related health and social problems

Spouses suddenly charged with providing more care often find themselves without social, emotional or economic support. Stress can weaken their immune systems. The burden of giving care, or stress from a spouse’s death, could cause withdrawal from social networks and an increase in unhealthy behavior, such as drinking alcohol and bad eating (2006a).

Causes of death for caregivers, in the period immediately after their spouses’ diagnosis with serious illness, included heart attacks, suicides and accidents. Other research is finding that caregiving of an ill spouse вЂ" especially one with dementia вЂ" is most often women’s work, and that society has been slow to figure out how to assist those women in the home (2006a).

A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that if a man is hospitalized with dementia, his wife’s risk of death over the next year rises by 28 percent. If it’s the woman who is institutionalized because of dementia, her husband’s death risk over the next year climbs 22 percent (2006a).

Symptoms of caregiver burnout are similar to the symptoms of stress and depression. They include: Withdrawal from friends, family and other loved ones; loss of interest in activities previously enjoyed; feeling blue, irritable, hopeless and helpless; changes in appetite, weight or both; changes in sleep in sleep patterns; feelings of wanting to hurt yourself or the person whom you are caring; emotional and physical exhaustion; irritability (Women’s Health, n.d.).

Breaking the cycle of vulnerability

Family caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients who received intensive counseling reduced their stress levels and delayed the need for nursing home care for their loved ones. Such support not only helped caregivers keep a relative at home, but it also could save the nation millions in nursing home costs every year. The delay in nursing home admission translated to an average savings about $90,000 per family. Such interventions are urgently needed to help reduce the burden on families and the nation, which is expected to see huge increase in Alzheimer’s cases in the coming decades (Fackelmann, K., 2006b).

A multifaceted, personalized intervention can significantly improve the quality of life for caregivers of people with dementia, new research published Nov. 21, 2006, in Annals of Internal Medicine has found. The study, Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer’s Caregiver Health II (REACH II), is the first randomized, controlled trial to look systematically at the effectiveness of a multi-component caregiver intervention provided to ethically diverse populations. Follow-up studies, the researchers suggest, should examine how the intervention might be used in communities through the nation’s existing network of health and aging services. This important research demonstrates that the intervention can readily benefit the diverse communities of caretakers who provide care to individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. It also underscores the substantial cost that caregivers faceвЂ"financially, physically, spiritually, and emotionallyвЂ"and helps to illustrate why caregiving research is a priority for the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)