Citing Resources for Writing Assignments in Dr. Stansbury's Classes

CITING RESOURCES FOR WRITING ASSIGNMENTS

IN DR. STANSBURY'S CLASSES

There are 3 basic types or formats of reference citation:

1. in-text or parenthetic referencing together with an alphabetic or "Works Cited" list at the end of your paper. This usually involves giving the author's name and the page # in parenthesis at the appropriate point IN your essay; then one could go to the alphabetized list at the end for a full citation of that source---with COMPLETE information. See posted sample paper for examples.

2. endnote referencing---here one simply puts a number (preferably in small superscript) at the appropriate place in your paper. Then that number will take you to a corresponding numbered citation at the end of the essay. The numbered citation at the end of the essay will then have COMPLETE information (including page numbers) when it is the first citation to that work---or it may be "ibid." or a shortened reference when you have referred to that work earlier in your paper (do not repeat numbers---each citation should have a new superscript number). See posted sample paper for examples.

3. footnote referencing---here the process is just like #2 above, but the citations are at the bottom of the appropriate page rather than at the end of the essay.

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There are also three major style systems for making citations:

a) MLA style (Modern Language Association)

b) Chicago style (or Turabian)

c) APA style (American Psychological Association)

EACH OF THE THREE MAJOR STYLES ALLOWS FOR ANY OF THE THREE TYPES OR FORMATS OF CITATION (AT THE TOP). However, MLA and APA tend to prefer in-text or parenthetic referencing. Chicago (Turabian) tends to prefer endnote or footnote referencing. Historians tend to like the Chicago style; English instructors tend to like MLA. You will find instructors with different preferences as to reference type and style. Feel free to keep it simple and model your system after that on one of the sample papers I have posted.

If you are reading this, you know I give you the flexibility of choosing