Comparison of Fellini's Nights of Cabiria and La Dolce Vita

Nights of Cabiria and La Dolce Vita left me absolutely stunned, in awe of what I had just witnessed. I found both of these films to be unspeakably beautiful, and in my opinion, the best out of all Fellini's major motion pictures which I have attempted to view this semester. Both films are unmistakably "Fellini" in the characteristic that define his films, especially through the world of fantasy, and deserve a thorough comparison.

In La Dolce Vita, we are given a glimpse of a filmmaker that has moved far neo-realist roots. While Nights Of Cabiria was certainly a departure from neo-realism, (and far less neo-realist than La Strada, which was just one picture before this one) it certainly had many more neo-realist elements (the plight of the poor and oppressed) than La Dolce Vita. La Dolce Vita would introduce us to a world almost never considered before in Fellini's films, that of the bourgeois, or upper-class. A film following a protagonist from party to party among the rich is practically a slap in the face to the neorealist movement Therefore it is often said that Nights of Cabiria marks the conclusion of the first phase of his career and La Dolce Vita the beginning of the next. I prefer to see his films as a continuous visual timeline of Fellini's artistic growth.

Both La Dolce Vita and Nights of Cabiria unfold in an episodic manner. While Nights Of Cabiria has a tighter, more traditional narrative structure, La Dolce Vita is practically a series of short films. The combination of these scenes is what leads to the complexity of the film's message. When it is asked of us, "What are these films about?" there really is no easy answer because they are about so much. Each passing episode carries a meaning of its own that adds to the overall meaning of the picture. Both films contain the typical Fellini clowns, ethnic performers, false appearances of the Virgin Mary, as well as other religious symbolism, nightclubs, prostitutes, stone houses by the sea, processions, and scaffolding outlined against the dawn. These may be symbolic or merely personal touches from his imagination.

I feel that it is necessary to discuss the visual aspects of these films. Both films are a huge leap, cinematically speaking, from his other films. Before Nights of Cabiria, little attention had been paid to the cinematic or visual aspect of Fellini's films. In Nights of Cabiria, Fellini establishes his first signs of commitment to emphasizing the film through pictures. Camera movement becomes more complex; camera composition becomes more important and symbolic. In La Dolce Vita, we have even more advanced use of the camera. Camera movement becomes so intricately choreographed it becomes almost like dance. The frame allows people to come and leave as they please, it follows people and then returns to the action, and it quite simply has a mind of its own. Great advances were also taken in the lighting in these two films. Nights Of Cabiria is really the first Fellini film where we start to see expressive or dramatic lighting. However, the overall color tone is mostly gray. In La Dolce Vita we become much more involved with rich blacks and whites. Fellini starts to experiment with the very dark lighting that he will later use so well in 8 1/2.

Both films start focused on our main character. Cabiria stands in the middle of a field, dwarfed by her surroundings. Marcello is spotted hovering above Rome in a helicopter while pursuing earthly desires. This reveals a great deal about the characters. Fellini has a fascination in exploring the dynamics between airborne (or heavenly), and earthbound imagery. The symbolism greatly reflects Fellini's intentions. Fellini's characters are trapped between earthly realities heavenly desires. Marcello is constantly descending and ascending stairs. He goes down into the prostitute's flooded basement; he chases Sylvia up a huge flight of stairs at St. Andrews. While this may seem to be heavy-handed symbolism, Fellini uses it so wisely that is comes across absolutely magnificently.

The first shot of La Dolce Vita tells us so much about the state of Roman society, about Marcello's life and pursuits. It tells us of the loose religious and moral values that the film follows. The first shot of Nights Of Cabiria shows us a woman that is taken advantage of and pushed in the river, symbols of baptism and redemption, which constantly reappear in Fellini's films. She is then rescued and instantly becomes aware of what had happened. Both sequences reflect almost the entire story. Cabiria awakens; Marcello flutters away, leaving the sight of the earthbound camera. In fact, the last shot of each film is quite telling as well. Cabiria is shot much closer than at first, from the waist up. Doing this creates the illusion of floating, and with her movement between the singing group of teenagers, she appears to be a divine apparition, absolutely radiating spirituality. She has never been more alive. Marcello appears on the beach, dwarfed by the landscape, unwilling to enter or cross the water. He appears colder than has ever been. He leaves the screen void of thought and emotion. This is quite remarkable. The first shot of each film seems to reflect the last scene of the other. This would be an indication of some sort of close relationship between the films.

I feel that both films are ultimately about hope and happiness, but their means of discussing this are quite different. Nights Of Cabiria shows us the redemption; in the final magical moments we practically see Cabiria's life change before our very eyes. It is one of the most uplifting moments I have ever experienced with film. La Dolce Vita shows us the downward spiral of Marcello. He seeks meaning, truth and love in the empty lives of the upper class. The disgusting lifestyle instead leads to his denial of emotion, his collapse and finally his complete lack of emotional and spiritual hope. Cabiria is eventually able to look beyond the faÐ*ade of the rich, while Marcello becomes a victim of his own illusions. It is for this reason that Cabiria can be seen as a stronger character than Marcello. If it can be said that the film follows the emotional, spiritual, and mental growth of Cabiria, it then follows that La Dolce Vita follows the emotional, spiritual, and mental collapse of Marcello.

One of the flaws of both Cabiria and Marcello is their desire to succumb to their needs. Cabiria wants so badly to be loved and to have love, and Marcello wants so badly to find truth and happiness in the pleasures of high society that they become blind to reality. As we know from the first scene, Cabiria has a habit of falling in love too quickly. We find how deeply