James Baldwin's Story "sonny's Blues" Is a Deep and Reflexive Composition

James Baldwin's story "Sonny's Blues" is a deep and reflexive composition.

Baldwin uses the life of two brothers to establish parallelism of personal struggle with society, and at the same time implies a psychological process of one brother leaving his socially ingrained prejudices to understand and accept the other's flaws.

The story is narrated by Sonny's older brother whom remained unnamed the entire story. Sonny's brother is a pragmatic person, a teacher, husband, and father. He is a typical middle class Joe whose life's purpose is to conform to society's rules. He is a conservative person who seldom takes risks, and accepts the majority's judgment over his. Sonny's brother has assimilated into white society (mainstream) as much as possible, but still angers at institutional discrimination and the limits placed upon his opportunities.

Contrastingly, Sonny has never tried to assimilate any model. He is looking to vent the deep pain and suffering that his status as permanent outsider confers upon him.

Both brothers grew up in Harlem (this story elapses from the early 50's to late 60's), surrounded by parents carrying psychological scars of discrimination and struggle. Is here at the family's nest where the brother's personalities started to split: though the narrator and his parents are physically there for most of Sonny's childhood, they never really hear him or listen to him, so Sonny drew himself inwards, with disdain for social rules. Sonny's older brother saw himself as the one bound to take the helm at the light of his father drunkenness.

After their parent's death, Sonny is propelled by his older brother to stay with Isabel's family (Sonny's brother's wife), an effort of Sonny's brother to rail him into social conformity. Sonny is desperately trying to express himself, first, by telling his brother his wishes to become a Jazz musician, second, through music, restlessly practicing piano lessons at Isabel's house. Neither Sonny's brother nor Isabel's family understand him. So he seeks more of his kind. He runs out the house, joins the navy, travels for a while, and comes back to New York as a Jazz pianist.

Sonny's brother, following a conservative path, uses denial as mechanism of defense. He refuses to accept Sonny for what he is: "I didn't like the way he carried himself, loose and dreamlike all the time, and I didn't like his friends, and his music seemed to me merely an excuse for the life he led (p. 227)." He never articulates his real fears, but implies them "loose and dreamlike." As if the act of mention suspicion of drug use was a calamity in itself.

For a while, they stay away from each other, until the news of Sonny's arrest for drug possession hits Sonny's brother. Older brother as a child and now as an adult has tried to ignore or deny those feelings of dread and despair because he is afraid of them. He takes bad news somatically "A great block of ice got settled in my belly and kept melting there slowly all day long, while I taught my classes algebra. It was a special kind of ice. It kept melting, sending trickles of ice water all up and down my veins, but it never got less. Sometimes it hardened and seemed to expand until I felt my guts were going to come spilling out or that I was going to choke or scream (p. 215)." Here Sonny's brother's denial mechanism shatters, reality is too big to hide behind apathy. Yet, he does not act upon it. It takes another shock of reality (his daughter death) for him to be in pain, a pain from which he couldn't hide or deny. It was then when he started to understand Sonny's sorrow, and writes him a letter, finally.

When Sonny gets out jail, he goes to live with older brother. Sonny's brother begins to end his silence toward Sonny, and to tries to understand Sonny's pain. Yet he is still suspicious of Sonny's habit "The idea of searching Sonny's room made me still. I scarcely dared to admit to myself what I'd be searching for. I didn't know what I'd do if I found it (p. 230)." But he does not search Sonny's room instead he waits for Sonny to come home and starts a dialogue with him. Older brother attitude is changing. Now when older brother talks to Sonny he rather listens than preaching. Sonny was listening a girl singing in the street from the living room with older brother