Anna Anderson, A.K.A. Anna Tchaikovski... A.K.A. Anastasia?

Anna Anderson, a.k.a. Anna Tchaikovski... a.k.a. Anastasia?

The Mystery

In 1922, a suicidal woman that was fished from a canal in Berlin, Germany, made an extraordinary claim.

Rescued from the canal in February, 1920, after leaping from a bridge, the woman was dressed like a factory worker and had no identification on her; nor was she able (or, perhaps, willing) to identify herself to her rescuers. Dubbed "Fraulien Umberkant" -- "Miss Unknown" -- by authorities, she was eventually taken to a mental home for observation, where she stayed for two years.

One day at the hospital, it was noticed by a fellow inmate that she displayed an unusual resemblance to Grand Duchess Tatiana Romanov, missing since 1918 and presumed assassinated [See also: Mysteries Article: The Missing Romanovs]. Upon this inmate's release, she expressed this belief to various people who knew the missing royal family and who would be able to verify if the woman was Tatiana or not; and was told that, no, the woman could not be Tatiana... Tatiana was much taller. Then the same inmate decided that if "Miss Unknown" couldn't be Tatiana, then maybe she could be Grand Duchess Anastasia instead, Tatiana's younger -- and shorter -- royal sister. This identification brought more agreement as a possibility; and it was shortly thereafter that "Miss Unknown" admitted the reason for the resemblances... for she claimed she was Anastasia Romanov.

When the Romanovs, last royal family of Russia, were lined up and shot by a small squad of men led by Jakob Yurovski on July 16, 1918, "Anastasia" claimed, she had been hit but not mortally wounded. A soldier named Alexander Tchaikovski -- a member of the firing squad that shot the royal family -- discovered she was still alive and smuggled her away to Bucharest in Romania. She lived with him there until he was killed, possibly as a victim of assassination. After this turn of events, she suffered a mental breakdown and lost the child she had born to Alexander to an orphanage. She made her way to Berlin, where, shaken and exhausted, she had attempted suicide.

Controversy immediately broke out as the politically influential took sides; some believed her claim to be true, while others flatly denied the possibility. Believed at stake was the claim to the fabulous Romanov fortune, rumoured to be secretly deposited in Western banks. The mystery woman was likely aware of this rumor, as she claimed that Tzar Nicholas had left about 20million rubles for his daughters either with the Bank of England or with a private bank in England. If the woman really was the missing Anastasia and the money really existed, then she was also the legal heiress to the fortune which, theoretically, had been controlled by relatives of the royal family since their disappearance... relatives who had no intention of releasing that control, and therefore had good reason to deny the claim of "Anastasia," now going by the name of Anna Tchaikovski. Perhaps more importantly, if a member of the Russian Royal Family did still live, they were a potential rallying point for the re-establishment of the pre-Bolshivik government, an idea that appealed to many of the Russian aristocrats now living in exile; many of the supporters of Tchaikovski's claim were among the ranks of these same Russian aristocrats. So right from the start of the whole affair, almost all the people most qualified to know whether or not Tchaikovski was indeed Anastasia had ulterior motives for siding with or against her that had very little to do with what may have been the truth.

Unfortunately for outside investigators, there was good evidence both for and against the Tchaikovski's claim. Right from the start it was noted that there was a very strong physical similarity between her and pictures of Anastasia, something that even detractors had to admit; this very resemblance won over many of her supporters in lieu of any other evidence. In further argument

for her claim, supporters noted that she seemed to know intimate details of palace life and policy; particularly, they pointed to her knowledge that Anastasia's uncle, the Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig von Hesse-Darmstadt, had made a secret trip to Russia in 1916 -- the middle of the first World War -- to request that Tzar Nicholas make a separate peace treaty with Germany, something that no one else knew until Tchaikovski mentioned it. The Grand Duke flatly denied this claim; even if true, admitting so would damage the Grand Duke's reputation in Germany among his more nationalistic countrymen, who would quickly see such a trip as an attempt to sell out the fatherland. But in 1949 a former commander of a Russian Guards' regiment -- Colonel Larski -- swore on oath that the Grand Duke had indeed made the trip at the time stated; and in 1953, the Crown Princess Cecile declared on oath that her father-in-law affirmed that "our circles knew about it even at the time" [quote from Great Mysteries of History]. True or not, while Tchaikovski gained the support of Colonel Larski and Princess Cecile, she had made an enemy of the Grand Duke.

Against Tchaikovski's claim to be Anastasia was the fact that, while she spoke fluent German, she only knew a few words in English, French, and Russian... the last being an unusual flaw for a Russian princess. Supporters argued that she had suffered shock, trauma, and possible brain damage in her ordeal; that she had forgotten most of her Russian, then learned German. This counter-argument didn't impress the doubters; in fact, the possibility of brain damage just brought all her other claimed memories into doubt. The doubters found it odd that the only information about her past that Anderson offered seemed to be either vague, unconfirmable details waiting for convenient witnesses to come forward, or already well-known facts about the Tzar's family. Also, investigators were unable to confirm details of her rescue story, her husband's existence, or find the orphanage and alleged missing child.

The Grand Duke Kirill, cousin of Tzar Nicholas Romanov (Anatasia's father) and surviving head of the Romanov family, refused to grant Tchaikovski an audience or to discuss the matter further. But she did meet with Princess Irene of Prussia in August 1922. Princess Irene was Anastasia's maternal aunt and godmother, and she had traveled all the way from Rumania for the express purpose of meeting Tchaikovski. The Princess also had to admit there was a resemblance between the Anastasia she remembered and the young woman she met; however, it had been ten years since the Princess had seen her niece

and Tchaikovski acted very coldly towards her, so the Princess