Antecedente Históricos

Antecedentes históricos:

Before the revolution, Cuba spent a long period of its history under US command and for more than 200 years they sought their independence or its annexation to North American.  In 1952 Fulgencio Batista takes power through a military coup and the following year this government suffers a Fidel Castro opposition.

Fidel Castro came to power promising democracy and freedom and his main goals are seizure of power and also the exclusion of this US hegemony.  The revolutionary had help from Che Guevara, a doctor of the guerrilla, who after became his right-hand man. On January 1st, 1959, the revolutionaries won the battle against Batista and former leader went into exile in Santo Domingo. Fidel Castro gives a victory speech from Santiago: this new revolution, he states, will not be like 1898, "when the North Americans came and made themselves masters of our country."

Castro, the new head of the country, had ideals strokes and facing the socialist side. Based on socialist ideals Fidel focuses on developing essential and basic sectors in Cuba, such as education and health, in addition to the nationalization of companies, banks and trade. Furthermore US breaks relations with Cuba after several conversations between the North American president, Eisenhower and the leader Fidel Castro, in this connection Soviet Union sees this action as an opportunity to impose their ideals in Cuba.

Eisenhower, the president of US, in January 1961, triggers the CIA to create a plan that aimed to overthrow Fidel Castro from power. From this plan, a series of bombings started being made in Cuba. Run by the CIA However, Fidel Castro, on March 28 announced that also was preparing for the "attack”. After that, a sequence occurs " invasions " led by North American airplanes and Cuba maintains its strength.

The North American invasion plan was achieved in April 1961 when the CIA invade "the Bay of Pigs" in an attempt to establish their ideals that were not accepted by the then head of state of Cuba, Fidel Castro. However it was well outlined the US strategy, the plan resulted in failure after three days of intense conflicts.

John Kennedy takes US power in early 1961 and remains focused on the American invasion in Cuba. That US government could be defined in a single word, fear, due to this, the US missiles deployed at strategic points, such as in Turkey, Italy and Great Britain.  After these missile facilities, Fidel Castro sees as a need to ally the Soviet Union of Nikita Khurshev due to equal his socialist ideals. With this new alliance (Cuba and URSS), Khurshev adopts a defensive stance installing missiles in Cuba in a secret way and United States discovered this in a secret operation with American airplanes flying above the sky in Cuba. This situation create more fear in the US government, because the world never was so close to a possible “Nuclear War”, in the point of view of USA this action of URSS was a threat for a possible future war. The committee of security in US was making pressure in Kennedy, they were asking for the president to take dangerous actions, like a huge attack in Cuba against the URSS, but John Kennedy didn’t do what they ask because he had to act with caution.