Barbarity Versus Civility

Barbarity versus Civility

In the scheme of life, civility can be learned through a number of factors, including certain upbringing taught at home, school, and influences from society. But these factors also work the same in dictating barbarity within people. In Chronicle of a Death Foretold, Gabriel Garcia Marquez uses literary elements and techniques to convey the theme that even the most civilized people resort to senseless, barbaric acts.

The usage of animal imagery in the novel describes the extent of how barbaric the people in a small town in Colombia can be. Victoria Guzman is the cook for the Nasar family. Victoria displays disdain toward Santiago Nasar. On the morning Santiago was murdered, Victoria was “disemboweling” a rabbit in the kitchen “…she remembered Santiago Nasar’s horror when she pulled out the insides of a rabbit by the roots and threw the steaming guts to the dogs.” Marquez uses foreshadowing to portray the nature of Santiago’s death to the reader. The effect of foreshadowing gives the reader a sense of symbolism using the words “rabbit” and “dogs”. The rabbit represents Santiago Nasar because he was wearing white linen the morning of his death and the dogs represent the Vicario brothers because of the barbaric, unmerciful nature of Santiago’s death. This can be inferred from the way Victoria is gutting this rabbit. The words “roots” and “steaming guts” point to the negative, barbaric event in this seemingly wealthy, civilized household.

Before the Vicario brothers killed Santiago Nasar, they went to Faustino Santos’s meat market to sharpen their knives; then they waited and spoke with the butcher. The butcher claimed that one of the Vicario brothers said “When you sacrifice a steer you don’t dare look into its eyes.” The Vicario brothers established a good reputation for themselves in the town as good hearted people, but this quote shows how heartless they could really be. Marquez conveys the idea that a “steer” is sacrificed to satisfy the needs and hunger of their family. This is significant because it is in direct relation to the Vicario brothers justification of Santiago Nasar’s death. The Vicario brothers had to kill him because they felt they had an obligation to uphold the family name and retrieve her sister’s honor. They felt as if he had to die simply so his family could survive, similar to when a steer is sacrificed. Their drive to survive was so profound that they would go to extreme lengths to achieve what had to be done.

Barbarity can often blind ones ability to think critically and reason. No matter how much reputation may serve to preserve ones civility, there is always room for barbarity. Before the murder, when the Vicario brothers were waiting at Clotilde Armenta’s milk shop to kill Santiago, Pedro Vicario was deliberating whether or not Santiago was armed with a gun; “…he’d foreseen the possibility that he might be armed when he made the decision to wipe his sister’s honor clean…Dead men can’t shootвЂ¦Ð²Ð‚Ñœ In the midst of the Vicario’s reckless decision, Pedro is thinking of the possible consequences he may face, including the possibility that Santiago may be armed. Pedro disregards these consequences due to the desire to reclaim their sister’s honor. This is significant because Pedro speaks in the past tense as if Santiago’s death is inevitable; in addition, it conveys how barbarity can force one to make reckless decisions.

When it was Santiago’s time to meet his fate, the Vicario brothers ambushed him and cornered him at the front door of his mother’s house. Then Pedro Vicario then began to stab him, “The strange thing is that the knife kept coming out clean…I’d give it to him at least three times and there wasn’t a drop of blood.” The fact that the knife kept coming out clean, demonstrates magical realism. Marquez uses magical realism to portray just how unbelievable and exaggerative this situation is. Pedro notices that the knife came out clean the first time he stabbed Santiago, so he continued to stab him. This is significant because the absence of the blood drives Pedro to carry out the multiple stabs, ensuring that Santiago is dead.

As the Vicario brothers continued to fulfill the murder, the sense of barbarity increases. “…they both kept on knifing him against the door with alternate and easy stabs, floating in the dazzling backwater they had found on the other side of fear.” Through the purposeful use of words like “alternate” and “easy” illustrate that the Vicario twins show no remorse to Santiago. In addition, the idea of killing seems more natural to them. According to the quote, fear has a dual function in this murder. This can be inferred from the word “backwater” assuming that the other function of fear is the front. The Vicario twins feel impressed with themselves that they are able to use fear as a benefit to help them kill Santiago, instead of being victim to the original function of fear which will cause them to be hesitant.

If the leader of a group of people acts barbarically, the people will obey and conform to an uncivilized way of life. After the murder, an autopsy was carried out by Father Amador, “But it was an order from the mayor, and orders from that barbarian… The priest makes a comment on the mayor which gives the reader a sense of direct characterization. The mayor is characterized as a barbarian, an individual who lacks refinement and a learned culture. The effect of this implies that barbarity is a feature that is exercised by the mayor. It suggests that the mayor’s role in government contradicts the environment in which government is assumed to create, inferring that government creates a civilized environment which will ultimately contribute in leading a group of people. This is significant because