Carbon

The purpose for this project is to find out what is the effect of chlorine concentrations on carbon filters performance?

Carbon is in the group 14 on the periodic table (Iva). The symbol for carbon is C. the electron configuration is 2-4, which means there are 2 electrons close to the nucleus and 4 electrons are a little father away. The atomic number for carbon is 6, which is the total number of electrons. The atomic number weight of carbon is 12.011. The most common isotope of carbon is carbon-12.In 1961, carbon-12 was chosen to take the place of carbon-16 as the standard for atomic weight.

There are three forms of carbon which are diamond, graphite, and amorphous carbon. The different structures of the forms make them different from each other. Diamond is the hardest material known to man because each atom is linked to four other atoms making a three-dimensional framework. Graphite is made of weakly bonded layers with the atoms arranged in a hexagon shape. These layers slide over each other easily, making it a good lubricant. Amorphous carbon has a low degree of crystalline (composed of crystals). Amorphous has no particular pattern or shape. Pure amorphous carbon can be made by cooking purified sugar at 100Ð'o Celsius in a vacuum. Carbon has very high melting points and cannot be dissolved at ordinary temperatures. At high temperatures carbon reacts with metals to make carbides and it also reacts with oxygen to form carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

Activated carbon is made from carbonaceous (rich in carbon) materials such as wood, coal, peat, nut shells, sawdust, and petroleum residues. Activated carbon is made in two separate processes. The first process is carbonization, which is the dehydration and the conversion of organic materials to primary carbon. The second process is activation.