Coming of Age in Samoa

Coming of Age in Somoa

Margaret Mead's "Coming of Age in Samoa", which was actually her

doctoral dissertation, was compiled in a period of six months starting in 1925.

Through it, people were given a look at a society not affected by the problems of 20th century industrial America. She illustrated a picture of a society where love was available for the asking and crime was dealt with by exchanging a few mats. This book helps one to realize the large role played by social environment. One of Mead's biggest challenges was probably the fact that her fieldwork was done entirely in the Samoan language. In Samoa, few, if any natives spoke English.

To get information, Mead spent her time talking to approximately 25 Samoan women. However, she spent much of her focus on two young Samoan women, Fa'apua'a

Fa'amu and Fofoa. It is said that one Samoan woman's life is very much like the next. At the time of her visit to Samoa, Mead, a graduate student was only 23 years old. She was barely older than the girls she interviewed and lovingly called her "merry companions". The vision received

while reading "Coming of Age in Samoa" is that it is a place of nearly stress free living. The children pass through adolescence without the many pressures put upon teenagers in an industrial America: ...adolescence represented no period of crisis or stress,but was instead an orderly developing of a set of slowly maturing interests and activities (95).

According to Mead, families are large, taboos and restrictions are few, and disagreements are settled by the giving of mats. The stresses encountered by American teenagers are unknown to their Samoan counterparts. Mead refers to premarital sex as the "pastime par excellence" for Samoan youth. She writes that Samoa is a virtual paradise of free love, as the young people from 14 years of age until they are married have nothing on their minds except sex. Of Samoan girls Mead says:

She thrusts virtuosity away from her as she thrusts away

from her every other sort of responsibility with the invariable

comment, "Laitit a'u" ("I am but young"). All of her interest

is expanded on clandestine sex adventures (33).

She explains that growing up can be free, easy and uncomplicated. Romantic

love in Samoa is not bound with ideas of monogamy, exclusiveness, jealousy and

fidelity as it is in America. Evidently, due to the lack of privacy in the homes, young lovers are forced to meet in the trees. Even married people have trouble finding privacy:

But the lack of privacy within the houses where a mosquito

netting marks off purely formal walls about the married

couples and the custom of young lovers to use the palm

groves for the rendezvous (84).

As far as the act of sex, much pressure is put on the man to perform:

The Samoan puts the burden of amatory success upon the man and believes that woman need more initiating, more time for maturing of sexual feeling. A man who fails to satisfy a woman is looked upon as clumsy, inept blunderer....(91) The day in Samoa begins at dawn, and you can hear the shouts of young men. Most of the time, the people go to sleep around midnight and after that you only hear the whispers of lovers.

Mead tells of how birthdays are not of importance, but the day of birth is, especially with highly ranked babies. On this day there is a great feast and property is given away. The first baby must always be born in the village of the mother. For months before the birth, the family of the father brings food while the family of the mother makes clothes. At the birth, the fathers mother or sister must be present to take care of the newborn. There is no privacy and the woman is not allowed to cry out in pain. It is not uncommon for 20 to 30 people to be present at the birth, and to stay all

night if necessary. Once the cord is cut by the midwife the feast begins. If the baby is a girl,

the cord is buried under a mulberry tree to ensure that she will be good at household tasks. If the child is a boy it is thrown into the sea so that he will be a skilled fisherman, or planted under a plant to make him a good farmer. Unless a woman gets pregnant again, she will nurse her child until it is two or three years old. Once the baby starts growing into a toddler, there are many strict rules they are expected to follow. The first is that they must only learn to crawl and sit within the house. Once they can stand, they are never to stand while addressing an adult. All children must know to stay out of the sun, and to never tangle the strands of a weaver. It is also not acceptable for a child, no matter how young, to scatter the cut up coconut which is spread out to dry. The last rule that she speaks of is that the children must make sure that their loin clothes are attached at all times. The girls principle task while growing up is to learn to weave. In fact, girl's chances of marriage are badly damaged if the village hears that she is lazy in domestic tasks.

The Samoan village is made up of 30 to 40 households and the master is called the matai. An older relative has a right to demand personal service or to criticize the conduct and interfere with the affairs of a younger relative. The most important relationship within a Samoan household is that between brother and sister. This does not even necessarily mean by blood. This relationship is of the most importance in influencing the lives of young people. The word aiga is used to cover all relationships by blood, marriage and adoption. The family cooking is taken are of by both sexes, but the majority of the