Communication

1. INTRODUCTION

The objective of this paper is to explain how people make decisions with special emphasis on decision-making in organizational contexts. It attempts to provide an understanding of employee and manager decision making at two levelsÑ"{ the individual and the group.

This paper provides theoretical views, research methods, and empirical findings in the field of human reasoning and decision-making. . The decision making techniques that available as a guide for managers to make better decision are also discussed in depth There is also the review of different theories of decision rationality (e.g., normative rationality, bounded rationality, ecological rationality, and social rationality). The explanation on how and why individuals often make judgmental errors and decision biases when measured against the normative models. By understanding the circumstances in which individuals are likely to be biased in their judgment, they can better understand decisional behaviours and make better decisions. In addition, this paper also discusses issues concerning risk perception, risk management, and fairness in managerial decision-making.

At the group level, the focus will be on the process of reaching consensus and the factors that could alter the consequences of group deliberation. The paper also examine why often groups fail to take advantage of unique skills of each of its members and make irrational decisions individual and learn techniques for improved group decision making.

2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A good manager must be good at communication and decision making. Communication will not work when you criticizing the action of other, finger pointing and blaming someone never makes anyone feel good, it can also put people on the defensive which is a sure to stop the flow of communication. Being defensive means that when someone say something you automatically act as though you are being attacked. Communication will not work if you jump to conclusion making assumption that can be very harmful and lead to placing blame. Interrupt also can lead to people not being able to fully express themselves and can be misinterpreted messages and ineffectiveness communication. Labelling people or activities can separate people and make them feel that they belong to wrong group. Everyone has different opinions and beliefs on certain subjects, but they should be respected and acknowledged.

A good communicator