Daddy by Sylvia Plath

In the poem "Daddy", Sylvia Plath says that there are women who, due to

early conditioning, find themselves without the tools to deal with oppressive and

controlling men. They are left feeling helpless and hopeless. For some women, the

struggle is never resolved, others take most of a lifetime. For a lucky few, they are

granted a reprieve.

The speaker in this poem is Sylvia Plath. The poem describes her feelings of

oppression and her battle to come to grips with the issues of this power imbalance.

The poem also conjures the struggle many women face in a male dominated society.

The conflict of this poem is male authority and control versus the right of a

female to be herself, to make choices, and be free of male domination. Plath's

conflicts begin in her relationship with her father and continues with her husband.

The intensity of this conflict is extremely apparent as she uses examples that cannot

be ignored. The atrocities of NAZI' Germany are used as symbols of the horror of

male domination. The constant and crippling manipulation of the male, as he

introduces oppression and hopelessness into the lives of his women, is equated with

the twentieth century's worst period. Words such as Luftwaffe, panzerman, and

Meinkampf look are used to descibe her father and husband as well as all male

domination. The frequent use of the word black throughout the poem conveys a

feeling of gloom and suffocation.

Like many women in society, we know that Plath felt oppressed and stifled

throughout her life by her use of the simile "I have lived like a shoe for thirty years

poor and white, barely able to breath or Achoo." The use of similes and metaphors

such as "Chuffing me off like a Jew. A Jew to Dachau, Auschwitz, Belson." and "I

think I may well be a Jew" clearly shows the feelings of anguished hopelessness

and the ripping agony she must have felt. The agelessness of this poem is

guaranteed as there will always be women who feel the same torture that is

described. .

Strong images are conveyed throughout the poem. The words "marble-

heavy, a.bag full of God" conveys the omniscience of her father's authority and the

heaviness it weighed on her throughout her life. "The vampire who said he was you,

and drank my blood for a year, seven years if you want to know" describe her

husband and the ability of male power to strip a person of their own sense of

themselves.

The poem is written in stanzas of five short lines. These lines remind me of a Mike

Tyson jab, short but extremely powerful. An example of this "If I've killed one man

I've killed two-- The vampire who said he was you". The powerful imagery of these

lines overpowers any of the rhyme scheme.

The tone of this poem is an adult engulfed in outrage. This outrage,at times,

slips into the sobs of a child. This is evident by Plath's continued use of the word

daddy and the childlike repitition "You do not do, you do not do" and "Daddy,

daddy, you bastard". Fear from her childhood moves her in directions that will take

her far from herself. In one line in the poem she brings us starkly into the world of a

child's fear. She uses words that sound like the words of a child staring out at us

from behind "a bardwire snare" "I have always been scared of you."

This poem portrays a bleak picture of life for some women. However, we

know that Plath was able to resolve her conflicts. She states " Daddy I've had to kill

you" and "Daddy, you can lie back now. There's a stake in your big fat black heart"

Athough it appears that Plath has reached resolution this is not the case for many

women who find themselves under the thumb of a male. These women should look

to this poem for help. It is a beautiful argument that clearly shows that she climbed

from total domination by a male to freedom

The groundwork for the development of electroshock therapy was laid in 1935, when a Budapest psychiatrist, Von Meduna, observed that epilepsy was extremely uncommon among schizophrenics. He also noted that schizophrenic symptoms tended to disappear after seizures. Accordingly, he set out to find a way to induce epileptic-like convulsions to help schizophrenics. He first tried administering camphor and oil but this did not work out well because it was hard to predict when the convulsions would take place within three days following the inducement. He then tried Metrazol, but this drug caused tense fear and anxiety in patients and resulted in high fatalities. This particular procedure was considered a barbaric form of treatment, therefore, was shortly abandoned. (Coulman 676)

Electroconvulsive therapy was finally introduced in 1938 by two Italian scientists, Cereletti and Bini. In this procedure the patient lay on a padded couch with electrodes attached to his head and an electric current