Dealing with Social Conflicts in the Military - Women in Combat

Conflict is an inevitable whenever people - whether close friends, family members, co-workers or romantic partners вЂ" disagree about their perceptions, desires, ideas or values. Regardless of the substance of the disagreement, conflict arouses strong feelings. The population's tolerance for reinterpretation of institutional values, beliefs, norms and ethics rose significantly due to significant changes in American social norms in the 20th Century. This tolerance, in conjunction with a transition to the primacy of personal rights over institutional needs has resulted in a society where the good of the many has become subordinated to the good of a few. It has been said that if society as a whole were more like the military in this regard, the U.S. would be a better place. Although diverse, the U.S. military is strengthened by the unified goal of preserving freedom.

All branches of the Armed Forces of the United States are a reflection of America -- virtually every possible ethnic and religious group is represented in each of these organizations. The military is comprised of men and women from all over the United States and other cultures (countries) working together with a single purpose: to protect and defend the Nation and fight for freedom. The Armed Forces is and has been a representative of the nation's population since its creation. Today’s members of each Armed Forces branch are part of a team with a unique character and identity, where each is judged by his or her performance -- never by race, color, religion or gender. This paper will attempt to address the Social conflicts at work on military life which includes issues such as women in combat, homosexuals in the military and gender-integrated basic training. Additionally, this paper will provide information on how these social forces have impacted the military and what steps the Army and other services have taken to resolve them to build a more modular and cohesive force based on transformation and the Global War on Terrorism.

Women in Combat

Conflict - Females enlist in the same armed forces, go through the same vigorous basic and advance training to become the best of the best, perform their duties and possess the same patriotic pride and loyalty that every male serving in the armed forces possesses. So, why is it then, that females are being held back when it comes to defending our country and participating in combat - fighting wars or engaging in civil conflicts?

Overview - The history of women in the military is one that extends over 4000 years into the past, throughout a vast number of cultures and nations. Women have played many roles in the military, from ancient warrior women, to the women currently serving in the Iraq War (History of women in the military). Yet, the questions still arise can a woman truly be a Soldier and not be viewed as deviating from either as it applies to what it means to be a woman and what it means to be a Soldier? The role of women in combat has become a particularly contentious issue in contemporary militaries throughout the world as the current exclusion of women from many combat roles is being seen by some as a form of sexual discrimination. Despite various roles in the armies of past societies, the role of women in the military, particularly in combat, became controversial in the medieval era and it is only recently that women have begun to be given a more prominent role in contemporary armed forces. As increasing numbers of countries begin to expand the role of women in their militaries, the debate continues (History of women in the military).

In sheer numbers, women are essential to the American military effort in Iraq and Afghanistan -- where tens of thousands have and are currently serving -- and are playing a bigger role than in any previous U.S. conflicts. Historically, women's involvement in the military has surged in wartime. Today, that pattern is amplified by the all-volunteer U.S. military's growing share of women, which has steadily expanded in recent years to 15 percent of the active duty force. Moreover, in contrast to their roles in past wars, women are serving in a widening variety of Army ground units -- from logistics to military police, military intelligence and civil affairs -- where they routinely face the same risks as soldiers in all-male combat units such as infantry and armor (History of women in the military).

Many on each side of the issue cite the alleged physical and mental differences between males and females, the effect of the presence of the opposite sex on the battlefield, and the traditional view of male soldiers as arguments both for and against women being employed as soldiers under combat situations. Since very few countries employ a fully integrated military, there are few references available to prove or disprove the arguments. Although women are recruited to serve in the military in most countries, only a few countries permit women to fill active combat roles.

Conflict Resolution - In the early 1990s, Congress lifted the ban on women flying combat aircraft and serving on combat ships than in January 1994, informed by the report of the Presidential Commission on the Assignment of Women to the Armed Forces, thenвЂ" Secretary of Defense Les Aspin established the current DoD assignment policy for women in the military with a memorandum that stated “that personnel can be assigned to all positions for which they are qualified, except that women shall be excluded from assignment to units below the brigade level whose primary mission is to engage in direct combat on the ground (Les Aspin, Secretary of Defense, “Direct Ground Combat Definition and Assignment Rule). The new rules and policies opened more military jobs to women. Today women in the Army are serving in combat zones in support units as truck drivers, gunners, medics, military police, helicopter pilots and more. However, Pentagon rules still stipulate and dictate that women will not be assigned to ground combat units which means they are not allowed to serve in the infantry or Special Forces units. The U.S. Armed Forces allows women to serve in most combat flying positions (History of women in the military)

Homosexuals in the Military

Conflict: The Army is facing a recruiting crisis, yet it continues turning away young men and women who are willing and able to fight and willing to make the ultimate sacrifice simply because of their sexual orientation. The question today is should homosexuals be allowed to serve in the Armed Forces, in particular the Army?

Overview: Homosexuals have been excluded from our society since our country's beginning, giving them no equal protection underneath