Discrimination of Muslims

Introduction

Discrimination is defined as the unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice. One of the most infamous topics on discrimination in our world today is that of ethnicity. Due to recent tragic events, such as the September 11 attacks, most Americans have unfairly stereotyped Muslims and the religion of Islam. People fear what they do not understand; therefore, it is important to educate citizens about the views and beliefs of Muslims.

Islam is a religious culture that is torn and divided, at one end radical Islamic extremists struggle to fight what they consider a "holy war" by corrupting Muslim followers into believing that westerner globalization will stand in the way of the purity of Islam. These views are certainly true of Osama Bin Laden and other radical extremists but not the majority of Muslims around the world, who follow a religion of peace, mercy, and forgiveness, and have nothing to do with the violent events some have associated with radical extremists. If an individual Muslim were to commit an act of terrorism, this person would be guilty of violating the laws of Islam.

In 2005 the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) issued a report to advance the understanding of political, human rights, and social issues. The 63-page document presented a historical overview of major federal law enforcement initiatives, high-profile national cases, and statistical evidence of anti-Muslim discrimination in the United States.

Religious Discrimination by the Majority

In 2004, CAIR recorded a 49 percent increase from 2003 in incidents of harassment, violence, and discriminatory treatment (5). The report also documented a 52 percent increase in potential and actual violent anti-Muslim hate crimes, a statistic which marks record high figures since the inception of the council eleven years ago (5). These disturbing numbers show the growing disparity in how American Muslims are treated by other citizens. In Florida, CBS news reported numerous attacks against Islamic institutions after 9/11. In one case, a man drove his truck into a mosque in Tallahassee, but fortunately no one was hurt (Kerr 1).

This alarming increase of reported cases to CAIR over the past year has been caused by several reasons which include, but are not limited to, an increased public awareness of Muslim civil rights violations, expansion of new CAIR chapters giving local Muslim communities the opportunity to report such incidents, and indoctrinated federal legislation which infringe on the constitutional rights of all Americans (6).

Religious Discrimination by the US Government

The unanimous decision by Congress to pass the USA Patriot Act after 9/11 gave law enforcement the authority to detain an individual without granting legal representation. Under the law, a person can be detained if there is reasonable grounds to believe that he/she is engaged in any of a broad range of terrorist acts or otherwise threatened national security.

Unfortunately, there are an overwhelming number of documented reports involving unreasonable arrests, detention, searches/seizures, profiling, and interrogations of American Muslims. These unjustified acts consisted of almost 26 percent of all reported cases (CAIR 6).

According to the CAIR report, in a January 2002 memorandum to federal immigration and law enforcement officials, Attorney General John Ashcroft estimated that there were approximately 314,000 deportable illegal aliens living in the United States (8). Of these aliens, 1.9 percent were from Arab and Muslim countries. The Justice department selectively targeted these aliens even though 90 percent of the illegal immigrants were from Latin American countries. Of the 585 Muslim and Arab immigrants apprehended not one terrorist was uncovered (8). Many Arab and Muslim advocates report working cooperatively with all levels of government to prevent discrimination. At the same time, the conservatives among them convey that the federal administration exacerbates prejudice with some of its anti-terrorism efforts, particularly the government's decision to register all non-citizens by targeting men from Arab and Muslim nations.

Infringement on an Officer's Civil Rights

Human Rights Watch, a non-profit organization, released a report in August of 2002 documenting confinement of 1,200 detainees in the United States (CAIR 9). Individual detainees reported problems with obtaining prompt access to legal counsel, poor conditions of confinement, and verbal and physical mistreatment. Such is the case for Captain James Yee.

Captain Yee was a chaplain stationed at an Army base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. The United States Army assigned the chaplain to be a spiritual consultant for Islamic detainees. The commissioned officer was arrested and initially charged with espionage, spying, aiding the enemy, mutiny, and disobeying an order. If convicted in a military court, Captain Yee would have faced the death penalty. The government suspected he was stealing classified names of detained terrorists and sketches of the military prison in Cuba. The federal government incarcerated Captain Yee on a bogus lead, keeping him in solitary confinement for 76 days without charging him of a crime (CAIR 17). Prior to being given the right to legal representation, the story leaked to the media while the officer was still in confinement, subsequently destroying the chaplain's reputation and career. After serving a two and half month sentence in a military prison, the commissioned U.S. Army officer's status was reduced to low security. One month before formally requesting a discharge, all criminal charges against Captain Yee, including "disobeying orders" were dismissed (CAIR 18). Although the U.S. Army eventually dropped all charges due to lack of sufficient evidence, Captain Yee never received a formal apology from his employer, the United States Department of Defense.

Due to the notoriety of the case, Senators and Congressmen have requested that the Inspector General of the Defense Department launch an investigation on whether the Army had any evidence or probable cause to begin the investigation on Captain Yee. It is evident that James Yee was targeted because of his religion, ideology, and/or association with other Muslim detainees. National origin, race, religion, or gender should not be the basis for suspicion of unlawful conduct or possession of material information.

Religious Discrimination in the Workplace

Most human resources management officials would agree that a