Finance Avon

Business with America

Debate November 4th - Main topics:

• Immigration
• Employment
• Health
• Education
• Foreign affaires
• Economy
• Justice
• Army
• Government issues
• Etc= Whatever is relevant to you

USA

Historic and general politic: The America was discovering by Vikings before Christophe colombs and anybody else. In America, the tax has to pay to the Britain crown. After the independence in America, there were a local war in the land, especially the north and the south, and slavery statement.

History and federation: America needed 2 centuries to have the number of states today. The 2 lasts states that America conquered are: Hawaii (1959) and Alaska.

Federal:

Constitution =>

1. Legislative (US capital) = Congress = House representatives and senate which mean 2 senates per state (Nominate for 6 years and the governor for 4 years)
2. Executive (White house) = President (Nominate for 2 years and 2 turns) and vice president
3. Judicial (Supreme court) => The supreme court supposed to defend only the constitution.

In America, some taxes are for Federal and some are for link of states, so some cities are quite cheap and some cities are quite expensive. In terms in fiscal law, there are taxes for the state. If we open a business in America, there are different taxes depending the cities (Taxes of the state). The capitalism is the basics system in every state. For example: The driving license, we have to pass again a test when we change the state, because the codes, the rules are different.

Population:

White Americans: 77%, 17% Hispanic

Afro Americans: 13%

Asiatic Americans: 5%

Indian Americans: 1%

Others: 2% (US census bureau)

Culture values:

• Individualism/community: You work for yourself and nobody else
• Control: They need to control everything (business, project, etc..)
• Competition
• Speaking up
• Positivism
• Law and order
• Capitalism
• Pragmatism
• Process
• Time is money
• No lies

Numbers: 

GDP: $18 128 Billion

GDP per head: $46 500

Inflation rate: 1,5%

Population: 320 000 000

Growth (end of 2015): 2,5%

• What is the American economic system?

• The US is a “free enterprise” economy
• Individuals control a society’s resources (limited government involvement)

• What are the basic principles behind a “free enterprise” economy?

• Three basic ideas: Right to choose, Right to produce what you like, Right to turn a max profit
• Many of this basic ideas have influenced economies around the world today

Canada

Constitutional monarchy (part of the commonwealth), parliamentary democracy, federal state: 13 provinces and 3 territories, Justin TRUDEAU

Leadership: 

1. Head of state: Monarch of the United Kingdom (presently, Queen Elizabeth II), little political power
2. Governor General: stands in for the monarch
3. Prime minister: Holds the most political power, works closely with the legislature

Numbers: 

GDP: $1890 Billions

GDP per head: $45400

Inflation rate: 1,2%

Population: 36 000 000

Canada’s Industries: 

• What’s being produced in the factories?

• Transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish products, petroleum, natural gas

Canada’s exports:

• Chief exports:

• Motor vehicles & parts, industrial machinery, aircrafts, telecommunications, equipment, chemicals, plastics, fertilizers, wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity

• Exports total: $323,3 billion
• Top reporting partners: US (79,3%), UK(2,8%), China (2,1%)

Canada’s Imports: 

• Chief Imports:

• Machinery & equipment, motor vehicles, crude oil, chemicals,..

• Imports Total: $327,3 billion
• Top importing partners: US (51,1%), China (10,9%), Mexico (4,5%)

Mexico

31 states and federal district

Numbers: 

GDP: $1400 billions

GDP per head: $9600

Inflation rate: 3,2%

Population: 113 000 000

South American Cultural Values:

• Communitarianism
• Emotional
• Time relation
• Religion
• Protectionism
• Unpredictable
• No process
• Corruption
• Danger

North America

Background: 

Implementation of the North American Free trade Agreement (NAFTA) began on January 1, 1994

Chili

• Numbers: (Divided into regions) presidential republic of 17 000 000h, 41st world rank (economics), GDP of 235$ billion, GDP per capital 13.000$, growth in 2015: 2,5%
• Recap Chile: international conventions: OECD, Mercosur, Montreal convention, Andean pact and pact Asia Pacific, VAT: 19% on goods, taxation, accounting: 17% to 40% corporate taxes, custom taxes: 6%, 1 world-class copper, coal, nitrate, fruits, wine, fishing

Colombia

• International conventions: OECD, Mercosur, Andean pact and pact asia pacific
• VAT: 7% (food) 16% on goods (IVA)
• Taxation, accounting: 33% corporate taxes
• Custom taxes: 8,25%
• Petrol, coffee, coal, nickel, agriculture
• Fruits, wine, fishing
• Policy (last election may 2014) president : Juan Manuel Santos (Executive power) the president and the vice-president are both elected by universal suffrage for a term of 4 years. At the same time, the new Santos government is faced with the difficult human rights situation: more than 5million displaced and 200.000 victims, violence against women, recruitment of child soldiers, torture, landmines, many cases of impunity.
• November 2016: Historical event, for the second time in as many months, Colombian president Juan Manuel Santos and the head of the country’s largest guerrilla group signed off on a peace deal that aims to bring the nation’s half-century conflict to an end.
• Long-running conflict that has cost more than 220.000 lives and forced more than six million to flee their homes.