Frsutration and Surprize in International Contracts

CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2

3. SURPRIZE & FRUSTRATION 3

4. CONDITONS 4

5. CASE STUDIES

* CASE - FRUSTRATION ..................SUPEVEANING 5 ILLEGALITY.

* CASE ANALYSIS 6

* CASE - FRUSTRATION...................OF PURPOSE. 7

* CASE ANALYSIS 8

* CASE - FRUSTRATION..................COMMERCIAL 9 IMPRACTIBLE.

* CASE ANALYSIS 10

6. ARTICLE 79 11

7. CONCLUSION 12

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

While setting conditions for commercial contracts, there are cases which tend do under perform, due to unforeseen events.

These reasons may be -explicit or, at times they may be deliberately caused, for short term personal interests, by the seller or by the buyer involved in the contract. This surprise may finally lead the effected party in frustration.

The purpose of this report is:-

1. To present the above idea in its explicit spirit, and with the relevant examples, it also tends to explain it in detail by carrying out, in depth analysis of the five cases discussed in later pages.

This will entail the emergence of arbitration laws to compensate for

The losses, in case of frauds, articulations& improper excuses (excuses Not mentioned in the contract) after investigation.

2. It also sheds light on the problem of ambiguity in the article 79 of UN convention, with initial discussion on the. Clause -force majeure

3. finally towards end tend to leave a concluding with anew case ,that might result in frustration to one party, thus we still try to ,even explore the future problems regarding these surprises ,in their international context .

The frustration to the parties at loss, needs to be compensated, therefore courts are strict while accepting the excuse to be in special category, as this would then give way to...Justifying all breach of contracts.

Entailing of these special conditions under the active supervision of the legal bodies would therefore be welcomed, by all countries or genuine parties involved in international trade.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In this era of globalization: today we see a surge in companies getting less hesitant, in indulging in international trade.

This accounts to more comprehensive need to evaluate our formal documentation process, i.e. now these practices needs to be under uniform guidelines to mitigate the political and cultural difference between countries involve in trade.

Trade is always adversely affected, when there in unrest in regions, as now there in comparative increase in the interdependence among countries.

Any sort of surprise slog their moral severely, as each consignment is too huge in volume, to appease upon. To combat such incidents, there have been evolution of remedies in form of: article 79(UN conventions), & also: the force majeure clause ........to guard against the misuse of the "frustration" of contacts.

This is an attempt to explain various aspects of "surprise & frustration" in international contracts: explicitly defining their positions, with the help of ....five case study-analysis. These are further categorized under the specific act of frustration in respective cases. These contain the verdict arrived by the court, with its reasoning, as per the "surprise & frustration" in international contracts.

Basically it deals with the act of -non performance of the contracts. Parties involved may often tend to miss use this opportunity, that is other wise designed to save from, bearing losses for serious uncertainties, still one or the party faces "frustration" due to many unforeseeable events.

To avoid acts, which try to articulate the facts, in order to take undue advantage, in making the excuses for their non performance, a genuine one....the international community in serious in investigating such cases with more stringent approach, which in quite evident from the judgment in cases discussed later.

CONDITIONS

IMPOSSIBILITY

Where circumstances unanticipated by the parties make the req. performance vitally different from what the parties contemplated, and if neither party assumed the risk at question or was at fault, their duties under the performance are discharged

1. Illegality

2. death of a person necessary for performance

3. destruction of something necessary for performance, with no