Greek and Roman Art History

Greek Empire (600 B.C 1 A.D)

Doric Order- entasis- swelling of the columns

-always used for largest temples

-alternating triglyphs and metopes

Ionic Order Ð'- scrolls

-shafts are thinner

- no triglyphs in frieze

Corinthian Order Ð'-large temples

-no triglyphs, just metopes.

Archaic Period Ð'- 600-500 B.C

- stiff and rigid pose

- focused on anatomy

- archaic smile

- Kouros, Kore Ð'- male and female archaic sculptures.

Classical Period

- depict distinct motion (Apollo belvedere) 350 B.C roman copy

- idealism, focusing on strength of Greece as a whole.

Venus D' Milo Ð'- Roman Goddess of love 100 B.C

Located in the Louvre

Athena Nike (Victory) 100 B.C

Depicted w/ wings

Not marble

Standing in front of ship going into battle

Also at the Louvre

Hellenistic Period

- Figure 3.5 Dying Gaul Roman copy 220 B.C

- Greeks respected the enemy, showed them dying in dignity.

- Figure 3.17 Vatican, Laocoon (priest of Troy). Early first century, marble.

- Priest of Troy being punished by the Gods for warning against accepting horse from the Greeks. Sea serpents attacked him and his sons. Beautiful anatomy.

Bronze

Bronzes are made by making two molds (one larger than the other), pouring melted bronze in between them, and breaking the molds away. Bronzes are hollow.

Bronze was more durable outdoors. Figure 2.24 Zues.

Rome 200 B.C. Ð'- 200 A.D. (height of Roman Empire.)

-conquered Greece in 136 B.C

- did not oppress conquered nations, rather embraced the art and sculpture (many Greek sculptures are Roman copies.)

Sculpture did not represent entire nation (Greeks), but the individual.

-no idealism, reflected humanism. (down to earth)

1. Head of Roman Emperor Caligula Ð'- crazy emperor, appointed horses as member as members of government. Difference between civilizations: Greek want to ascend into world of thought and higher knowledge. Romans are builders, conquerors, rulers.

Bust Ð'- sculpture that ends at the neck. Romans were not obsesses w/ anatomy.

- used as family photo album.

- varied in quality

- bronze and marble.

Gaius Ceaser (11 years old)

Full statue, bronze.

- family propaganda, dressed in senate garment.

Roman Inventions

Equestrian statue Ð'- always larger than life, outdoors.