Hiv/aids in Kenya

Final Paper

Dr. Howard

HL 120

Doug Spada

AIDS in Kenya

Kenya lies across the equator in east-central Africa on the coast of the Indian Ocean. It is twice the size of Nevada. Kenya borders Somalia to the east, Ethiopia to the north, Tanzania to the south, Uganda to the west, and Sudan to the northwest. In the north, the land is arid; the southwestern corner is in the fertile Lake Victoria Basin; and a length of the eastern depression of the Great Rift Valley separates western highlands form those that rise from the lowland coastal strip (www.aidsandafrica.com). The population of Kenya broken down is Men: 900,000 Women: 1.1 million. There are two million adults and the percentage of those adults infected is nearly 14% (Yamano, 2005). Work-related mobility often creates an imbalance in the gender ratio proportion of women to men. This creates the environment which sex partner sharing is normal. Examples of this would be a man having more than one wife. At truck stops the women sex workers outnumber the vendors and drink shop owners which are positions held by men. In mining camps the very opposite is true where men greatly outnumber the women. In both situations same sex partner sharing allows the virus to flourish (Yamano, 2005).

There are diverse cultural rules in Kenya, given the presence of 40 indigenous cultures and ethnic groups (ww.aidsandafrica.com). These groups have different languages and social structures as well as differing cultural beliefs and practices. Some of these practices, such as wide inheritance, taking the wife of a diseased relative to be their own and polygamy conflict with HIV prevention. In most of these communities, men decide on issues of economic productivity such as land, capital, and technology. Since men have more education and economic power than women cultural beliefs also favor men allowing them to make decisions that may not favor a women’s well being. Since women are lower ranked socially when they are divorced or separated, they are driven into commercial prostitution work due to necessity to survive. Also some parents disown daughters who become pregnant; these girls flee to the nearest town and do the only thing they know how to do for a paycheck, prostitution (Bell, 2006).

Several studies have shown the impact of the AIDS epidemic in Kenya focusing on economics, health education and the development of the population size. Macroeconomic studies in the 1990’s (Bloom and Mahal, 1997) suggest that the effects of AIDS epidemics on the economies of Sub-Saharan African countries are small. Although small, there is a chance of collapse in the economy in the absence of government aid. These studies conclude by recommending measures aimed at mitigating the effects of the disease and emphasize the importance of governmental commitment to addressing HIV-related problems, and treating the disease as a “national priority” (Bloom and Mahal, 1997).

Kenya is in a state of turmoil as Aids plagues the nation. AIDS does not bring about a catastrophic economic collapse, but it does inflict large economic costs вЂ" and very many deaths. Kenya has more than one million people estimated to be living with AIDS (1.2 million as of the end of 2003), (Young, 2005). The AIDS epidemic poses significant challenges because Kenya is a low income country. The Government of Kenya established a National AIDS Control Council (NACC) in 1999, and has a National Strategic Framework for HIV/AIDS for 2005-2010. In order to reform the problem of AIDS with Kenya, Kenyan political officials need to educate the people in Kenya about homosexuality, sexual protection and education for the youth in Kenya so they may understand the dangers and risks of AIDS.

According to Lauren Bridges, a North Carolina State University Graduate who spent a year in Kenya for the reformation movement, AIDS in Kenya is so prevalent it will take decades to make improvements in the society. Labor supply of adult AIDS patients receiving treatment; and labor supply of patients’ household members would be the first step in the right direction to reforming AIDS. Within six months after treatment initiation, there is a 20 percent increase in patients’ likelihood of participating in the labor force and a 35 percent increase in weekly hours worked (Corrigan, 2005). This will help citizens be able to earn money without prostitution.

In my interview with Lauren Bridges, a North Carolina State Graduate, who visited Kenya over Christmas 2007 in relief efforts I found that most of the common problems with Kenya economically starts with AIDS.

“It is a plague that starts a domino effect, and these children are helpless to try and fight the disease and other suffering elements of their lives such as starvation and working.” (Lauren Bridges, 2008).

Personal psychology affects individuals and how they react to having AIDS. A young girl will most likely make her decision about schooling depending on her life expectancy. AIDS is well known for having a strong impact on long term growth. In conclusion to this fact, individuals stop getting a formal education when their life expectancy falls. According to Corrigan, Glomm and Mendez, (2004), in a second generation study, individuals can die prematurely before the start of the last period of life. There are considered to be three periods for an individual’s life in this study. They consider several scenarios, depending on the duration and strength of HIV/AIDS deaths, growth rates in all scenarios fall when the epidemic breaks out. The process of human resources formation is not only dependent on their parent’s survival, but also on the time the child spends pursuing formal education rather than working. In addition to deciding about their own health needs and savings, parents, who are assumed to be unselfish, now also decide about their children’s schooling and needs. If an individual is infected with HIV Virus, he also decides about spending on medical treatment, and does not save. The effects of the AIDS epidemic are large, reducing the current income after ten generations by 5-45% of potential NO-AIDS income, depending on the scenario (Corrigan, Glomm and Mendez, 2005)

This paper focuses on the prospects for the development of human capital and economic growth in Kenya, even as the AIDS epidemic threatens that country with premature