How the American Revolution Helped Women

How the American Revolution Helped Women

The American Revolution (1775-1783) was a time of great change in America. American men were fighting for their right to be free from an oppressive ruler 3000 miles away. They wanted to have their say about what went on in their own country. America won the Revolution and its freedom, but while this was going on something else was happening. Internally changes were coming about too during all this fighting. The Revolution was the catalyst for women to make progress towards freedom. Women were making economic and political gains to further women's rights.

While their husbands were away at war, the women had to work and take care of the home. Women who had never worked outside the home before had to work out in the field all day now, or if a woman lived in the city she had to get a job to support the rest of the family. During this time in the city of Philadelphia, colonial women had a job either within or outside the home, and most women worked for pay. According to Karin Wulf, "These women... helped to shape urban community and urban culture in the eighteenth-century city." Ruth Henshaw a nineteen- year old girl kept a diary focusing on her work with textiles, her school teaching and her familial and social life in 1792. , Clearly by her entries it can be seen that even girls of nineteen could hold jobs, make money and survive on their own, independent of a man if they had to or wanted to. Economic progress can also be seen in the fact that many women once widowed never remarried. "As independent women, they could act legally and economically in ways that their married sisters could not." They were able to rent property to and from their neighbors, buy and sell goods, and have a paid job outside the home. Sure, women may have had some inheritance to fall back on, but that alone could not sustain her unless she had a very wealthy husband. The fact is that women contributed to this inheritance by bringing their own money into the marriage, investing, and working themselves. The Revolution helped women in this respect in that when the men were gone women were able to open up their own businesses, mostly shops and taverns.

When looking at political progress, no concrete evidence can be given to show that women were making progress. However, it's more about how they perceived themselves in the political realm as compared to what we can see in books now. Female patriots were able to find particular expression in their support of the colonial boycott of tea and other items taxed by the Townshend Act of 1767. The male leaders of the boycott "recognized that they needed women's cooperation to ensure that Americans would comply with the request to forgo the use of tea and luxury goods" This marked a movement away from female noninvolvement in public affairs. In 1774, an agreement was signed by fifty-one female North Carolinians declaring their "sincere adherence" to the resolutions of the provincial congress and declared it their "duty" to do "every thing as far as lies in our power" to support the "publick good." This was not taken seriously by the men, but it was the first time women were able to do something like this (actively participate in politics). For the first time, women were taking upon themselves a "duty" to work for the common good of America. Never before had they taken on the duty of a public role or asserted a voice in public policy. This inclination towards political activity can also be seen in an essay written by Esther DeBerdt Reed describing the "Sentiments of an American Women," 1780. In this essay she was proposing a nationwide ladies association to contribute to the welfare of the troops. She was thus calling women to unite for a cause, political in nature. In a letter to her husband (John Adams), Abigail Adams wrote to "remember the ladies" when making the new code of laws. She also told him that if attention was not paid to them that they would foment a rebellion and would not hold themselves to the laws in which they have no say or representation. She is clearly telling him that they have political ideas too and aren't afraid to do something about it.

Another way in which some progress can be seen is when the war began husbands went away and left the care of the household to his wife completely. According to Norton, "they learned to handle aspects of the family affairs that had previously fallen solely within their husbands' purview." The men in turn developed a new found admiration of the contributions of their wives. While giving specific directions through letters at first, men soon left all monetary matters and other decisions up to the discretion of their wives completely. The wives did all the trading and selling themselves without input from their husbands. They were able to really show what they could do and that they were more than just housekeepers and cooks. However, it's suggested by the letters of John Adams, that when the men came home they planned to take over their role again. They expected their wives to return to their previous roles and stay out of the business aspect of things. Adams wrote to his wife, "Depend upon it, We know better than to repeal our Masculine systems." I think this is what they may have expected, and perhaps sometimes in some households it did go back to being this way. I think however, for the most part, women got a taste of independence and they weren't going to give it up so quickly, and they didn't. The war also broke up some of the distinctions between masculine and feminine traits. Women now found themselves being praised for abandoning their "natural" feminine timidity and helping out the war cause.

Some historians such as Joan Hoff would have you believe that women didn't make any progress relating to the Revolution. She believes that women "simply had not come into contact with enough worldly diversity to be prepared for