Is Cloning Moraly Permissible

Cloning is not new; experiments with frogs and toads go back to the 1970' with the experiments concerning animal and plant embryos have been preformed for

many years. But experiments relating to humans have never been tried or considered

possible, until "Dolly" (the first fully grown mammal to be cloned). A "human clone" is

an identical twin of another human being but only at a younger age. Scientist use cloning

techniques in their laboratory to make copies of cells or organisms with a valuable trait.

Their focus aims to find reasonable applications for cloning that will make advances in

medical breakthroughs, and biological research. For the past few years the topic of

cloning has been a very intense argument; human cloning is either "playing God" or (a

scientific process). Even though there is a large amount noted on the ill

outcome of human cloning, it could also be very valuable in our society.

Wouldn't it be weird if a child were to grow up knowing that her mother is her sister, her grandmother is her mother, and her father was her brother-in-law? This can cause several emotional risks although this type of genetic selection may cause many sever risks. Every time her mother is to look at her, what she sees is herself growing up. There is a lot of emotional pressure on a teenager who is trying to establish his/her identity. What if everyone was to clone? What would happen to our individuality?. Cloning limits your genetic base because there are not enough individuals that would be the base of inherited material for the population. It would also stop the genetic progress since there is no combining of the genetic material and thus no opportunity to produce an animal that is superior to the parent. What if the child knows that he/she is the clone and now the identical twin of a dead sister/brother? What kind of pressure do you think that would put on the child, knowing they were made as a direct replacement for another? This child will not be the same in all ways as the other was, regardless of what the parents were hoping. One important concern is because this child will be brought up in an unusual household where unhappiness has been diverted into making a clone of the dead brother/sister instead of just adjusting to their loss. Now this child will be going through great pressures on his/her emotional development.

Although cloning has been flaunted as a victory, the cloning method is not yet perfect. It took 277 attempts before Dolly was created as a healthy lamb. Human

cloning has high potentials for errors (Human Cloning the Process, 2005). Making it far more complicated to clone a human. As a result, scientists fear that applying this method to humans may lead to malformations or diseases in the human. People feel they cannot trust the scientist. Physicians that are from the "American Medical Association" and scientist with the "American Association for the Advancement of Science" have issued official public statements advising against human reproductive cloning. Many scientists and physicians believe very strongly that it would be unethical to attempt to

clone a human (www.globalchange.com).

There are approximately 30 percent of clones that are born alive that are affected with "large offspring syndrome" and other debilitating conditions (www.robbiep.com, 2005). There have been many cloned animals that have died prematurely from infections and other complications. This concerns scientist from a desease respective with concernsd to humans being cloned. Scientists don't know how this cloning process will impact the cognitive development and physical development in humans. These are not too big of concerns when it comes down to a cow, or a lamb, but even more important when it comes down to the human development. Because of these concerns when it comes to cloning, the attempt to clone humans at this point in time is considered dangerous and ethically irresponsible.

This cloning process is very expensive and highly inefficient. "There are more then 90 percent of cloning attempts that fail to produce viable offspring" (Statistics Canada, 2002). In addition to low success rates, the cloned animal tends to have a more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumour growth, and many more other disorders. In Japanese studies, they found that cloned mice live in poor health and die early. About a third of the cloned calves born alive have died young as well, and were abnormally large (www.globalchange.com). They also found that if an animal is born healthy that doesn't mean they will have a long-term survival. Clones seem to die strangely. For example, Australia's first cloned sheep appeared healthy and energetic on the day she dies, and the result from her autopsy failed to determine a cause of death (www.humancloning.org).

There are very strong arguments that go against cloning. Yet there are also good reasons to agree with cloning. There are many individuals that support and believe that with cloning, it gives the infertile couples the chance to have children. The current treatments that they have for the infertile are not very successful treatments are less than ten percent