Key for Test 3, Drugs, Society and Behavior, Fall 2015

Key for Test 3, Drugs, Society and Behavior, Fall 2015

From the syllabus: The material will cover lectures and material from Chapters 1–9 and 13.  There will be particular emphasis on the lecture-material concerning new ways of treating alcoholism. Read Chapters 10-12.

1. Neurotransmitters are made ___. (11th, p 93)

        a. in the synapse

        b. in glia

         c. in the neuron from which it will be released

        d. in special neurons from which they transported by uptake mechanisms into the neuron                         from which they will be released

2. Ecstasy (MDMA, XTC, or N,alpha-demethyl-1,3 benxodioxole-t-ethanamine), a "recreational" drug that occasionally becomes popular for a period, has been shown to  be toxic to ____systems of brain.

            a. dopaminergic               b.  serotoninergic      c. norepinephrinergic    d. opioidergic

3. The consequences of behaviors associated with the use of alcohol and addictive drugs have been rising recently (and have remained high for decades).  Also, there are data to support the conclusion that many grade school and high school students are using alcoholic beverages, tobacco products, marijuana and illicit drugs.  True or false, the information of the previous two sentences is, on the surface of things, clear evidence that our currently applied prevention programs are only marginal effective?

        a. true                b. false

4. A drug that binds to the receptor but has little efficacy is called a (an) ____.

        a. excitant                b. agonist                c. antagonist                d. stimulant

5. One of the drugs on the list is a Schedule I drug.  Pick it.

        a. heroin        b.  morphine                c.  amphetamine            d.  aspirin

6. The blood-brain barrier is ____.

        a. composed of cell membranes    

        b. composed of special neurons

7. The post synaptic side of a synapse is usually ____.     a. dendrites                b. axons

8. True or false, nicotine addiction is likely to be sustained because taking nicotine enhances dopamine activity?     a. true                b. false

9. Here is a table about how 18 to 25 year olds report using the drug in question during the previous 30 days in terms of %-use (15th, p 15)

  Drug               XXXX        YYYY

  Alcohol              68%         50%

Tobacco              48            31

Marijuana            18            17

Cocaine                2              1

One of the labels for the columns is xxxx and the other yyyy.  Yes or no, is the label XXXX for African Americans and the label YYYY for white Americans?                a. Yes.                b. No.

10. The recommendation of nearly all health professionals is that pregnant women drink no more than __ drinks (alcoholic beverages) a day. (12th, p 225)

        a. zero                        b. one                        c. two                        d. five

11. Your Text has a lengthy discussion concerning the question “Does drug use cause crime?”  During that discussion, the authors of the text dismiss the idea that some drugs (e.g., marijuana) cause violent crime.  They do, however, indicate that there is a strong association, even hinting at a causal relationship, between one drug and violent crime.  Pick that drug.

        a. PCP                b. LSD                c. opium        d. ethanol        e. XCT

12. The text has said, “This law was the seed, which has since sprouted into all of our federal controlled-substance regulations” (13th, p 56).  When the authors said “this law,” which law were they talking about?

        a. The 1906 law promoted by T. Roosevelt

        b. The 1908 Pure Food and Drug Act

        c. The Harrison Act of 1914

        d. The Narcotic Control Act of 1956

13. The effort to eradicate illegal coca fields in South America has been described by the US General Accounting Office as ___. (15th, p 73)      a. a marginal success      b. a failure

14. The blood-brain barrier prevents ___ from entering the brain.

        a. large, lipid soluble molecules                b. large, water soluble molecules

15. Functional MRI (fMRI) is a technique that ___. (15th, p 95)

        a. uses X-rays to study the structure of the brain

        b. measures the blood oxygen level dependent signal to map activity of neurons

        c. measures where a radioactive molecule binds in the brain

16. One of the nuclei is salient to cocaine’s positively reinforcing effects.  Pick it. (11th, p 91, and lecture)

        a. medial forebrain bundle

        b. accumbens n.        

        c. the amygdala

        d. the lateral spinothalamic tract

17. There are poisons of the dopaminergic system of the MFB, reducing dopaminergic activity to near zero. Consider a person unfortunately exposed to the poison with its predicted effects.  Would that person get pleasure from taking cocaine?

        a. Yes, but only with very large doses.      b. Yes.       c. Most likely not.

18. Changing engrained habits is a difficult task for anyone even when they are at the peak of their cognitive ability.  Do you suppose that if cocaine produced toxic events in the brain that it would make it even more difficult to change engrained habits?