Life in the Trenches

Life in the trenches during World War 1 were horrible. It was entirely unexpected for those eager thousands who signed up for war August 1914.The Great War- was a phrase coined even before it had begun. It was expected to be very short and like most wars a great movement. However The First World War was symbolized by its lack of movement, the years of stalemate exemplified on the Western Front from autumn 1914 until spring 1918. Now there was a movement on the Western Front during 1914-18; the war began dramatically with sweeping advances by the Germans through Belgium and France en route for Paris. So I ask this question what was life actually like for men serving tours of duty in the line, be they front line, support or reserve trenches?

Death in the trenches were a constant companion to those serving in the line, even when no raid or attacked was launched or defended against. In busy sectors the constant shellfire directed by the enemy brought on random death, it didn't matter whether their victims were lounging around in a trench or laying in a dugout. Similar novices were also cautioned to, like the parapet of the trench of No Man's Land. Many men died on their first day on the trenches because of the sniper bullets precisely aimed at the trenches. It has been estimated that up to one third of allied casualties

on the Western Front were actually kept in the trenches. Besides all the injuries, diseases were a heavy toll.

Rat infestation was the worst, their were over a million rats infested in the trenches. There were 2 main types of rats the black and brown rat.. Both were equally despised but the brown rat was especially feared. Goring themselves on human flesh disfiguring them by eating their eyes and liver. They could grow to be as big as the size of a cat. Men were really afraid of these rats, they would even run across their faces in the dark. They would try to get rid of them gunfire, with the bayonet, and even by clubbing them to death. It was useless though, a single rat could produce up to 900 offspring in a year contaminating food and spreading infection. This problem continued for the rest of the war.

Although rats were a huge nuisance, lice was an even bigger problem breeding in the seems of dirty clothes and causing men to itch out of control. Even though clothes were washed constantly lice eggs remained in the seams, within a few hours of the clothes being re-worn the body heat would cause the eggs to hatch. Lice caused a very painfully disease that began with severe pain followed by high fever called Trench Fever. Recovery from this disease took up to 12 weeks. Lice was not actually identified as the cause of Trench Fever until 1918. Frogs were also found in the base of the trenches along with slugs and horned beetles on the side of the trenches. Many times men would shave their heads to prevent another prevalent scourge. Trench Foot was another medical condition affiliated with the trench life. It was a fungal infection on the foot caused by cold, wet and unsanitary trench conditions. In some cases it would have to lead to amputation. Trench foot was more of a problem of in the beginning, as conditions improved in 1915 it faded quickly.

Typically, a battalion would be expected to serve a spell in the front line. This would be continued by a stint spent in support, and then in reserve lines. A period of rest would follow generally short, then the whole cycle of trench duty would start again.

In real life the cycle was determined by the needs of the situation. Even at rest men would find themselves performing a task of duties that placed them in the line of fire. Others would spend time longer in the front line than usual. For example (and the numbers varied widely) A man might expect in a year to spend 70 days in the front line, with another 30 days in close by support trenches. A further 120 might be spent in reserve. Only 70 days might be spent at rest. The amount of leave varied, with maybe 2 weeks being granted during the year.

The daily routine of life in the trenches would begin in the morning with stand to short for stand to arms, (Each man would be expected to stand on the trench fire step, rifle loaded, bayonet fixed.). An hour before dawn everyone was awakened from their sleep by the company orderly officer and sergeant and was ordered to climb the fire step (ran along the entire trench, was to enable each occupant of the trench to peer over the side of the trench through the parapet into No Man's Land in the direction of the enemy trench line). This policy of stand to was adopted by both sides, and despite the knowledge that each side prepared itself for raids or attacks timed at dawn, many were actually carried out at this time. As the light grew another ritual was often used called the morning hate. Both sides would often relieve the tension of the early hours with machine gun fire, shelling and small arms fire, directed into the mist to their front, this would ensure safety at dawn.

When stand to was over in some areas rum might be issued to the men. Then they would go to clean their rifle equipment which was inspected by the officers. Breakfast was then served next. In mostly every area of the line at