Mri Technology: The Chemist’s Perspective

Gibran Khan

Chem 100

A. Hellman

May 3, 2017

MRI Technology: The Chemist’s Perspective

        Technology has made it possible for us to see into the deep depths of our bodies to diagnose and cure diseases.  This concept was unthinkable just a few hundred years ago.  According to the British Institute of Radiology, Willhelm Rotgen first discovered the x-ray 200 years ago. If we take a look at the interactions between energy and matter, we can understand that radiology and MRI technology was created by scientists who excelled in the field of chemistry.  In my report, I will define and analyze the science behind the medical phenomena that is the MRI.

Through Rotgen’s discovery, scientists were able to incorporate the use of magnets and positive protons to visualize the inside of the human body. The MRI or Magnetic Resonance Imaging came about in the 1930’s which was a scientific and medical breakthrough.  It was originally called Nuclear Magnetic Resonance because magnetic fields and radio waves cause atoms to give off tiny radio signals [3].  The powerful magnetic fields along with the advanced computers work in sync to create a detailed 3-D image of the inside of our bodies.  The peer reviewed journal on Human Ecology gives insight on how the magnetic field was essentially integrated.  “The core of an MRI machine is made up of coils of wire.  Electricity is passed though the wire to create a magnetic field, which aligns the spins of hydrogen protons in water” [1]. These protons act as magnetic dipoles, just like the ones we learned about in class! This equipment maps out the distribution of water in our body.  Because our body is 70% water, it makes it easier for the MRI to cherry pick the hydrogen atoms from the water molecules. This method makes it more efficient in scaling where the soft tissue will be. This technology is so advanced that doctors and radiologists can manipulate these images to isolate structures and even internal organs without any invasive treatment [2].  

The MRI has gained so much popularity in the medical field due to the non invasive nature of the machine.  Other machines used by radiologists give off radiation which can be very detrimental to pregnant mothers and children.  This radiation is so dangerous that it can even substantially lower a male’s sperm count [4]. The MRI has surpassed most of the other multi-million dollar machines by not emitting any radiation.  Computed tomography, plain x rays, and PET scans have all been shown to increase the risk of cancer for patients down the line. These machines are known for giving off ionizing radiation, which is ultimately an electromagnetic wave that’s strong enough to ionize an atom, or remove its electrons.  The magnetic resonance imaging system relies solely on magnetism making it the safer alternative.  

Although there isn’t any evidence that shows that the magnetic field is detrimental to our health, it is still very uncomfortable. The MRI machine is quite large and quite loud as well.  It takes up almost half a room, and once turned on makes a bombarding rumbling sound.  You are put on a bed that is inserted into the magnet chamber, where you will remain laying for at least 20 minutes.  All jewelry, piercings, cell phones and credit cards are tucked away because of the giant magnet. If the correct precautions aren’t taken, the results may be fatal for the patient.