Old Man and the Sea

The United Nations came into existence on 24 October 1945,That was when the UN Charter had been ratified by the original 51 Member States. We celebrate that day eas united Nations day . The Main goal of the United Nations was to bring all nations of the world together to work for peace and development, based on the principles of justice, human dignity and the well-being of all people. There are currently 191 Members of the United Nations. They meet in the General Assembly, which could be called the world parliament. Each country, large or small, rich or poor, has a single vote.The Assembly's decisions become resolutions that carry the weight of world governmental opinion. The United Nations Headquarters is in New York City but the land and buildings are international territory. The United Nations has its own flag, its own post office and its own postage stamps.The UN European Headquarters is in the , Geneva, Switzerland. It has offices in Vienna, Austria. The UN was founded after World War II ended world leaders wanted an organization to prevent further wars. Thepurposes weres to maintain world peace, develop good relations between countries, help in solving the world's problems, and encourage more respect for human rights. . It brings together countries that are rich and poor, large and small, and have different social and political systems. Member nations are encouraged to settle their disputes peacefully, not use force or the threat of force against other countries, and to refuse help to any country that opposes UN actions. , the UN faces constant challenges. It must work to obtain cooperation of its member nations because the organization has little power or authority. But getting that support is not always easy. Many nations are reluctant to give up their own authority and follow the the orders of of the UN. Thepriciple of the UN is that it operates by promoting economic and social development. The UN has six main organswhich are-----. All are based at UN Headquarters in New York, except the International Court of Justice, which is located at The Hague, Netherlands. At its head is the Secretary-General. Staff members are rawn from some 170 countries. WHAT THE UN DOES FOR PEACE The chief purpose of the UN has been to preserve world peace.Throughout the late twennth century The UN has helped resolve disputes between nations, reduce tensions,stop conflicts and seek an end to fighting . Since that first mission in 1948, 110 nations have contributed peacekeeping personnel at different times. More than 750,000 military and civilian personnel have participated in 49 operations. Sadly, more than 1,550 UN peacekeepers have died performing their duties; more than half of these deaths have been in the last six years. Keeping the peace is a dangerous business: even peacekeepers themselves are deliberately targeted in attacks

It has carried out operations involving peacemaking, peace-keeping and humanitarian assistance. It has been a major role in our world for solving the most protracted conflicts of recent years. The means at its disposal to bring about peace are varied: Ather the Security Coucil votes to get involved a Security Council decision ordering a cease-fire and laying down guidelines is given to the country they dispatch of a fact-finding team to observe missions or peace-keeping forces made up of contingents from Member States under the command of the UN.are ordered

to the region peacekeepers are special military troops that are sent around the world to keep peace and they also serve as an aid to other counties. their mission is to work to preserve peace. however fragile and to assist in generating agreements and treaties to halt the fighting (Johnson 112). In Serbia peacekeeping troops tried to end the fighting between the Croatians and the Serbians and had the goal of creating create a contract that both sides could agree on and uphold in the future. Peacekeepers enforce and create treaties, alliances, and intervene for the security of the country. They work to demmish struggles between battling sides as quickly as possible Their guidelines state that mediation and negotiations are basic tools to be used by peacekeepers at all levels of the chain of command.A major goal is to have negotiationa that allow for dispute resolution without the use of force or violence. The UN guidelines suggest that negotiation training for soldiers "adopt a lecture format covering such areas as tact, diplomacy, and the three Fs of peacekeeping firm, fair, and friendly" (Clark 2). Millions of dollars are used for peacekeeping efforts and many times little progress is shown. For example, in 2001 $264 million dollars was spent and $275 million is forecasted to be spent in 2002 on peacekeeping defenses due to the tragedy of September 11th 2001 (Clark 8). Additionally, the United States has been accumulating a "peacekeeping debt since the mid 1990s" (Clark 7). The reason for this mounting debt is because the UN has only been paying back twenty-five percent rather than the negotiated thirty percent. This is not helpful to the UN since they have future plans of further increasing peacekeeping actions and spending. These operations are very costly and are viewed by some as not worth the end result.

Another venture troops must overcome is a dialect boundary because words may be misinterpreted when negotiating takes place (Prusher 2). It is quite possible that words could be misconstrued and settlements may become spoiled, so it is vital to take time to translate effectively. Next, the special troops have difficulties adjusting overseas. Occasionally a country's conditions exceed what the soldiers were trained in; this is referred to as "culture shock" (Loax 8). For example, the peacekeeping soldiers must survive poverty conditions with no consistent light, power, food, fuel, or running water For the most part, troops are able to push past the initial culture shocks and dilemmas so that they can build up a kinship with the country's officials. Providing organization and stability within the conflicting countries is crucial to the success of the mission of peacekeeping. Furthermore, all nuclear development and chemical weapons are controlled and regulated by the peacekeeping troops due to dangerous results. Many problems can appear than the obvious harm; however, these weapons could disrupt the entire ecosystem. To illustrate, during Desert Storm there was a concern when the oil wells kept burning that it could