Prestige Oil Spill

History

13 November 2002

• The Prestige, an oil tanker, was sinking in 2002 caused a large oil spill.

• The spill polluted thousands of kilometres of coastline and more than one thousand beaches on the Spanish and French coast.

• The Prestige was carrying more than 77,000 tons of oil cargo from Latvia to Gibraltar.

• one of its twelve tanks burst during a storm off Galicia, in north western Spain.

• The captain requested that the ship be led toward a port of refuge where it could transfer its cargo to another tanker.

• Instead, Spanish authorities used a Dutch salvage ship to tow the Prestige out to sea, in order to protect ecologically-sensitive coasts.

• However, pressure from local authorities forced the captain to steer the embattled ship away from the coast and head northwest.

• Reportedly after pressure from the French government, the vessel was once again forced to change its course and head southwards into Portuguese waters in order to avoid endangering France's southern coast.

• Fearing for its own shore, the Portuguese authorities promptly ordered its navy to intercept the ailing vessel and prevent it from approaching further.

Galicia or Galiza is an autonomous community of Spain, made up of the provinces of A CoruÐ"±a, Lugo, Ourense and Pontevedra. It is located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. It borders Portugal to the south, the Spanish regions of Castile and LeÐ"Ñ-n and Asturias to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west.

19 November 2002

• At around 8:00 AM , the ship split in half, and sank completely that same afternoon releasing over 20 million gallons of oil into the sea.

• After the sinking, the wreck continued leaking oil. It leaked approximately 125 tons of oil a day affected the Atlantic coast from Vigo in Spain to Brest in France .

• The Nautilus submarine filled in many of the cracks, but the ship continues to leak.

• At that time, the oil tanker was to be about 250 kilometers from Spanish Coast.

• It is estimated that 37,000 tons of fuel oil remain in the tanker.

• The vessel will continue to leak fuel for years, unless the oil was removed from the vessel.

• The Greek captain Apostolos Mangouras was taken into custody, accused of not co-operating with salvage crews and of harming the environment.

• There is 64,000 tons of fuel oil were spilled in the incident.

• The affected area is not only a very important ecological region, supporting coral reefs and many species of sharks and birds, but it also supports the crucial fishing industry. The heavy coastal pollution forced the region's government to suspend offshore fishing for six months

In fact :

 The status of the Prestige’s last voyage has certified “ in class” by the American Bureau of Shipping ( ABS) . These status mean the vessel can use completely. In fact, the Prestige was very old ship and carried almost the deadweight of their carrying capacity

- When it refueled, it stood off the port of Gibraltar ( the British colony sharing the borders with Spain to the north) to avoid the chance of inspection. Every aspect of its operations was calculated to avoid tax, ownership obligations and regulatory scrutiny.( Will Hutton , November 2002 )

By registered in different country the company take advantage of “ Flag of Convenience” the purpose from registered in foreign country such as

- avoid the government’s strict regulation

- reducing the operation and transportation cost

- to avoid heavy taxes

- to avoid of environmental regulation

- to take advantage of hire crews from lower-wages countries

Ethical Issue

There are many countries concern with Prestige

o The ship was registered in the Bahamas by a company incorporated in Liberia.

o The ship was managed by another company headquartered in Greece.

o The chartered was by “Crown Resource” a Russian company which was registered in Switzerland.

o The heavy fuel oil that was being transported from Latvia to Singapore, belonged to a British company.

o The captain of the Prestige was Greek and the crew was Filipino.

o The owner of the Prestige has took advantage from the “ Flag of Convenience” to avoid all cost concern with their responsibility such as hire low-wages crew , poorly trained for the crews and lack of safety.

Social Responsibility

1. Environment

вЂ" Oil pollution to the sea over 20 million gallons.

вЂ" Affect to variety species of birds, shark , coral reefs : The World Wildlife Fund estimated that 300,000 seabirds died. A study published in March 2007 shows that hydrocarbons are still present in the seabird chicks including rocks and cliffs ( Nick,2007)

2. Economic

вЂ" Fishing Industry

• Loss-job of fisherman, shellfish harvesters, fish crops