Qualitative Test for Elements in Aspirin

Name: Alama, Jhon Paul B.                                        Date Performed: June 21, 2016
BS CHEMISTRY III                                                Date Submitted: June 28, 2016
GROUP NO. 3

Experiment No. 3
QUALITATIVE TEST FOR ELEMENTS IN ASPIRIN

OBJECTIVES:

• To carry out various test for determining the elements in aspirin
• To apply the methods and techniques that the students have learned in the previous semester in Qualitative Test for Elements

PROCEDURES:

Test for Carbon and Hydrogen[pic 1]

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Ferrox Paper test for Oxygen[pic 6]

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Sodium Fusion[pic 10]

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Soda Lime test for Nitrogen[pic 20]

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Beilstein Test for Halogens                        Test for Sulfur[pic 26][pic 27]

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DATA AND RESULT:

        The detection of various elements present in an organic compound is called qualitative analysis. Carbon and hydrogen are present in almost all the organic compounds. Other commonly present elements in organic compounds are oxygen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur and sometimes phosphorus.

Table 1: Qualitative test for Carbon and Hydrogen

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         Carbon and Hydrogen is detected qualitatively by heating a mixture of the given substance with dry copper (II) oxide in an ignition tube with the laboratory prepared aspirin. When the aspirin was heated, the carbon was oxidized to carbon dioxide and hydrogen to water. These products will flow in the tube and when the CO2 reach the lime water, the calcium hydroxide in the lime water will react to CO2 and will form calcium carbonate precipitate. In the results, when the mixture of aspirin and CuO was continuously heated, the lime water formed cloudy white precipitate in its solution. Thus, carbon is present in the compound. The presence of the Hydrogen can be detected by the formation of water droplets in the tube. In the experiment, water droplets were slowly forming inside the bent glass and ignition tube. Hydrogen was present in the aspirin. The test showed positive result for Carbon and Hydrogen in the aspirin.

Table 2: Qualitative test for Oxygen

        Theoretically, the ferrox paper is prepared by soaking filter paper in methanol containing equal amounts of ferric chloride and ammonium thiocyanate. In the experiment using Ferrox test, the presence of oxygen in the laboratory prepared aspirin can be determined. In the presence of oxygen, a deep/brick/dark red color is distributed between the filter paper and the test compound. When the Ferrox paper was added in the solution, it turns brick red. The oxygen was present in the compound. Thus, the test for oxygen showed positive results in the aspirin.

Table 3: Qualitative test for Nitrogen

        Theoretically, a positive test for nitrogen can be determined through soda lime test. Soda lime was made up of NaOH and CaO solution (2:1 solid mixture). Using soda lime test, an amount of an organic substance is heated strongly with soda lime in the test tube. The evolution of ammonia gives the indication of nitrogen. One indication in the presence of nitrogen in the form of ammonia is the odor and the changes in color of litmus paper. During the experiment, as the solution (fused) and lime soda heated thoroughly, no evolution of vapor was observed and no change of color in red litmus paper was witnessed. This indicates that no nitrogen in the laboratory prepared aspirin was present.