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James Watson and Francis Crick were in the Code Race. They both attended Cambridge University in 1953. Roslin Franklin was Jewish and was called the Dark Lady. She died of ovarian cancer. Maurice Wilkins had a strange attraction with cameras and chromosome x-rays and he was very shy. Linus Pauling became a double noble winner. He built 3rd degree models of DNA and in the 1950's he became a recognized figure.

Rosalind Franklin made an X-ray diffraction pattern that showed that DNA was a helix in 1952. She put water in the sample to make it clearer. The diameter of the helix stays the same because the dimensions of the helix have to be consistent. The B-Form and A-form helped Franklin discover some dimensions of the DNA Structure.

Maurice Wilkins made the first X-ray diffraction pattern to calculate dimensions. He worked with Franklin and gave her the DNA samples that she used in her B-Form. He had a strange attraction with cameras and chromosome x-rays and he was very shy. There was sharp spots on the photographic film that indicated it was fiber consisting of a lot of crystals of DNA.

Linus Pauling attempted to predict the structure of DNA but it didn't work. His triple helix model had a problem with the phosphates to form a helical core with their bases pointing out. All the phosphate groups have a negative charge and they are forced together to repel each other.

James Watson used cardboard pieces that he cut out to stand for the shapes of the DNA bases to find out their base pairs. He formed link bonds using the cardboard. He had an A and a T and he wanted the hydrogen to point at the nitrogen. Watson received the Nobel Prize for the structure of DNA along with Crick and Wilkins.

In 1953 , James Watson and Francis Crick solved the structure of DNA. Scientists proved that DNA helps copy the genetic code. They were able to figure out the code and see how protein synthesis works. The lac operon was the first model for the control of protein production. This was used by bacteria & involved the unwrapping of DNA. Francois Jacob and Jacques Mondod were behind the lac operon to see how genetic control works.

The Human Genome Project is the most ambitious experiment in the history of biological science. The goal is for it to find all the genes in the human genome. The first was a technique called polymerase chain reaction that enabled many copies of DNA sequence to be produced. The second key development was an automated method of DNA sequencing that was built by the chemistry of the polymerase