Scientific Revolution

Scientific Revolution

17th 18th century

17th characterized by challenging the authority, civil wars, peasant revolts,

Epistemological change: Scientific Revolution -how do you know when you know? Revolution in technology, science - really it was a series of changes in European thought

Skepticism now... explaining vs. mythology now we need observation and experiments

MECHINISTIC VIEW - universe as a machine--if you figure out the parts, you control. Change the whole human experience we have printing, exact illustration, formulas, accuracy--Europeans insist on accuracy

Theory of cosmology GOD IS TAKEN OUT.

Move from geocentric(earth) to heliocentric (sun): earth and water terrestrial//Fire and air celestrial

Earth at center. No experiments here. Acc to Aristotle suns and planets rotate circular. Says universe is enclosed system is finite, beyond the spheres "prime mover"

Ptolmey notices things off with arist. Theory. If et exact why season exact?

Retrograde motion- planet at certain point seems to come back and then go forward again- Ptolmey feels A's theory doesn't explain.

Ptolmey has own hypothesis - sun revoves in its own orbit all this revolves around earth. Old cosmologies comprehensible, common sense religion fits well. (now science supports religion) rely on math

Copernican Revolution- NICHOLAS COPERNICUS 1473-1543 helped calendar found ancient writers work (heliocentric) realized that Ptolmeys is very confusing - if you just switch the sun to center do away with epicycles (146) publishes it 1543 right b4 he dies.

Tycho Brahe - patron king of Denmark--gave him $ to build observatory to study 1577- comet appears not going well with aristotles theory.. so new theory. All planets except earth revolves around the earth.

Student JOHANNES KEPLER embraced heliocentric - came up with rational theory //sun reps spiritual essence of gd so its center

Uses Brahe calculations to fix Copernicus throy- predicts planet motion and he rejects 1. epicycles 2. circular orbits

Says there are elliptical orbits -pubs work in 1609 instant sensation

He inspires Italian astronomer to fit new findings into keplers model.

GALILIO- works on math in motion able to provide empirical studies that prove the heliocentric theory.

In 1609 bought telescope disc.

1. moon has craters , looks like earth, is imperfect

2. Jupiter has 4 moons own orbit system(maybe all do)

1610 "THE starry messenger" advocates Copernican/kepler universe-heliocentric (sc 7) but brings spiritual stuff don't agree

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