Testing Your Comprehension Biology

Jorge Espinoza

Biology 104-02

Ch 12. T YC

1.         Indian’s monsoon storms that dump water, rivers have seasonal differences in flow and global climate change.

3.        Coral reefs are valuable because provide food and shelter for a tremendous diversity of fish and other creatures. These reefs multiple stresses from human impacts. Many corals have died as a result of coral bleaching, in which corals lose their zooxanthellae. Bleaching is evident in the whitened portion of this coral. These forests have been destroyed when people developed coastal areas; shrimp farming have driven conversion of large areas of mangroves; when removed, coastal areas lose ability to slow runoff, filter pollutants, and retain soil

4.        Satisfy water supply, facilitate irrigation, prevent floods, and generate energy.

               Expensive, sometimes create floods, erosion and pollutants trapped in the damn/reservoir.

5.            Reduction in flow not only threatens the future of the cities and farms that depends on these rivers, but also drastically alters the ecology of the river and their deltas, changing plant communities, wiping out population of fish and invertebrates, and devastating fisheries.

6.        Toxic Chemicals; pesticides, Pathogens and Waterborne Diseases; bacteria, Oil Pollution; oil and Nutrient Pollution; nitrogen and phosphorus.

7.        Water beneath the surface held in pores in soil or rock. Leaky underground storage tanks, pesticides, nitrates from fertilizers, pathogens from wells and feedlots, compounds from military sites, contamination from underground hazardous waste disposal, industrial chemical waste. Largely hidden from view and extremely difficult to monitor. Rivers flush their pollutants fairly quickly, but groundwater retains its contaminants until they decompose which can be many years.

8.        There are two wastewater treatments. primary treatment removes suspended solid.

Secondary treatment: water is stirred and aerated and bacteria to break down waste matter. Further treatment may remove particular pollutants.

9.        Driftnets are transparent, nylon nets that span larger expanses of water to capture passing fish. Longline fishing is uses extremely long line with thousands of hooks. Bottom-trawling entails dragging immense nets though the water or on the ocean floor. Unfortunately these practices catch more than just the specific they target, bycatch, the accidently capture of nontarget animals, accounts for the deaths of millions of animals each year.