The Effects of Chemical Castration and Physical Castration

Lata Mangeshkar- The Pride of India

India, one of the highest movie producing countries, has many great singers. One such singer, who has been singing for the past 60 years is non other then my favourite singer Lata Mangeshkar. Lata Mangeshkar is and has been the most heard voice in all of India for some time now. Lata has been active in all Indian popular and classical music, sung film songs, ghazals , bhajans and pop (Nagma, 2004). Lata's mesmerizing melodious voice has won fans all over the Indian subcontinent and the world. Time magazine recognized her as "the undisputed and indispensable queen of India's playback singing." (Answers.com,n.d).

Bharat Ratna Latabai Mangeshkar was born in a very conservative and orthodox family on the 28th September, 1929, at Sikh Mohalla, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India (Lata Mangeshkar Unforgettable Lata, n.d). Lata the eldest of the five children, her siblings Hridaynath Mangeshkar, Usha Mangeshkar, Meena Mangeshkar and Asha Bhosle also chose music as their careers (Lata Mangeshkar, 2005). Her father was Pt.Deenanath Mangeshkar a classical singer & stage actor, who came from Mangeshi in Goa. He was a classical singer trained in the colourful Punjabi school of Baba Mushelkar. He owned a drama troupe (Gupta, n.d). Lata was introduced to the microscopic intricacies of classical music by her father, at the very young age of four (Lata Mangeshkar Unforgettable Lata, n.d). She also studied with Aman Ali Khan Sahib and later Amanat Khan (Ibid.). Her God-given musical talents meant that she could master the vocal exercises effortlessly on first pass and from early on she was recognized as being highly gifted musically. In Lata's words "her father told her mother that she is going to be a miracle after he studied her stars" (Kumar, n.d). She most definitely has become a miracle of inspiration to all of those who have had the pleasure of listening to her songs.

However, her father died in 1942, before she even began to sing. The burden to bring food for the family fell on Lata as the eldest child. She then, only at the age of 12, acted and sang in Pahili Mangalagaur, a Marathi film by Vinayak Rao (Kumar, n.d.). Rao was happy with her work and signed her on as a staff artist with a salary of 60 rupees, which eventually increased to 350 rupees (Ibid). From then until the age of 15, Lata acted and sung in as many as 8 films to support her family (Gupta, n.d.) She also made her debut as a playback singer in the Marathi film Kiti Hasaal (1942) but the song was edited out (Ibid.).

As she made her entrance into the film industry, Lata, faced a lot of difficulties because at the time, Punjabi voices controlled the industry. She did not give up even after a few rejections. Finally, director, Ghulam Haider, gave Lata her breakthrough song with Dil Mera Toda from the movie Majboor in 1948. Haider said, "Let me foretell today that this girl will soon put to shade everyone else including Noor Jahan (a famous singer of the 1940's). Producers and signers will fall at her feet begging her to sing in their films." (Kumar, n.d). Initially Lata was heavily influenced by Noor Jahan's whose voice strong and powerful represented the openness, strength and extroversion of the Punjab. In fact Lata was requested by many producers to "alter her voice to sound more like Noor Jahan's" since the perception was that her thin voice would no go down well with the famed strong and powerful voice of Noor Jahan (Parikmunir, 2004).

1949 became a powerful year for Lata's career. She participated in four films, Barsaat, Andaaz, Dulari, and Maha (Kumar, n.d). Songs from all of these led her to fame and fortune, particularly the song, Aaega Aanewaalaa (Ibid.). She climbed the industry and influencing all those around her. Within a year, she changed the industry. Her unique high pitched singing finally became the want of the industry over the heavy, nasal voices. She found her own unique style which no other could copy (Ibid). "A soprano with over three-octave range, she has an indescribable, unfathomable purity in her voice" ( Lata Mangeshkar Unforgettable Lata, n.d) . It is "delicate, sharp and clear in difficult note patterns". "Her rendition is marked with a rare sense of rhythm and lyrics" (Ibid.). Lata's effortless humming at a strikingly high pitch will send any listener into raptures.

Lata has sung many genres in film music such the ghazal (Aankh se aankh milata hai koi) which has some of the most unexpected and surprising changes in pitch. Qawwalis (Ae haqeeqat from Dulhan ek Raat Ki). Seductive songs (Malavun tak deep,) a Marathi song composed by her brother, is considered the most erotic song. High-pitched songs (Aa ab laut chalein from Jis Desh Mein Ganga Behti Hai) (Ajit, 2001). Yet another genre Semi classical, which strangely is highly, underestimated aspect. Harish Bhimani's says her "classical concerts -- which she had conducted before 1949 -- were brilliant and evocative" (Ibid).

From making only a sixty rupee monthly salary when she participated in her first film in 1942, Lata Mangeshkar has grown to be one of the wealthiest Indian superstars. She is the supreme voice of popular Indian music, an Indian Institution. Her voice, enthralling seductively, still reigns supreme despite the combined efforts of two generations singers to overthrow India's reigning nightingale from her throne (Lata Mangeshkar. n.d.).

In 1974, Lata became the First Indian to have performed in the Royal Albert Hall, London. The Royal Albert Hall, London has recorded the graph of Lata's voice with the help of a computer which is by far the "Most Perfect" in the World (Kumar, n.d.). Until 1991, she was listed in The Guinness Book of World as the most recorded artist with 30,000 solo, duet and chorus-backed songs recorded in 20 Indian languages between 1948 and 1987. That number, in fact, has reached over 50,000 songs today (Gupta, n.d.).

Lata Mangeshkar, who has charmed her fans with over 50,000 songs she has sung as a playback singer in films, has no regrets that she never got married. Lata, whose voice quality retains the freshness and innocence of a 16-year-old girl, says that in a way it has been good that she did not get married. "Had I got married, I may have got divorced in a year or two. It has all been all for the good," (Lata Mangeshkar, n.d.).

Lata has been conferred with many awards, including the Maharashtra Bhushan Award which is intended to honour Maharashtrian achievers in literature, music, science and sport (Lata Mangeshkar Unforgettable Lata, n.d). Way back in 1974 she entered The Guinness Book of World record for maximum number of songs in 20 languages. She has won numerous Film fare awards (in