The Lottery

Shirley Jackson, born on December 14, 1916, devotes much of her life to the writing of short stories and novels. Some of these include The Sundial, The Haunting of Hill House, and We Have Always Lived in the Castle. Jackson's stories, inspiring and influential to most, are also controversial to some. Her most controversial story, published in 1948 in The New Yorker, is "The Lottery." The purpose for the writing of the story varies depending upon the reader, but some might say that it "expresses Shirley Jackson's abysmal opinion of her fellow creatures" (Coulthard 228). Whatever the purpose may be, "The Lottery" remains one of the most famous stories to date. Despite the controversy, readers also notice the symbols and underlying themes that are prevalent throughout the story including the role of obedience. The role of obedience is seen through the encounters of the characters including Old Man Warner and Tessie Hutchinson.

The first person that arises and presents the role of obedience is Old Man Warner. Old Man Warner, being the oldest in the small town where the lottery takes place, has survived more lotteries than any other person in his village. As Warner puts it, "seventy-seventh year I been in the lottery. Seventy-seventh time"(Jackson 266). Jackson uses Warner's own perspective on his persistent luck to add drama to the extensive amount of time he has lived. One might say that Warner's luck is coincidental to coincide with the fact that he has the most obedient person and he is practically the only person who does not want to get rid of the lottery. Others, however, might say that it is a direct correlation and that Warner is not being chosen in the lotteries because he is obeying tradition and God is rewarding him for doing so. When Mr. Adams tells Warner that "over in the north village they're talking of giving up the lottery," Warner reprimands with, "pack of crazy fools, listening to the young folks, nothing's good enough for them."(266). Later on, Mrs. Adams explains how "Some places have already quit the lotteries," and Warner quickly discerns that there is "nothing but trouble in that. Pack of young fools"(266). One source says that "Old Man Warner is usually taken to be the most allegorically evil devotee of custom, but he is merely the most honest. He is also the only villager who seems to believe in the supposed original purpose of the sacrifice: 'Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon,' he intones" (Coulthard 226). Another points out how Old Man Warner "complains that Mr. Summers jokes with everybody"(Griffin 45).

Hypocrisy, too, is fairly common, both in the story and in society. Hypocrisy is tied in with the role of obedience in that you are trying to teach someone something right and to obey you, yet you are not being obedient to your own teachings. The first person to emerge into the hypocritical theme is Mr. Adams. Coulthard tells us how "Mr. Adams and his wife mildly oppose the lottery by telling Old Man Warner that some villages are giving it up, but when it comes time for the stoning, 'Steve Adams was in the front of the crowd'"(226-27). As goes for Mr. Adams, the same goes for everyone else in the town except Warner. At the beginning of the ritual, everyone is talking about how stupid the lottery is and how it should be done away with, but when Tessie draws the paper with the black dot, everyone is waiting in line and telling their children to pick up the largest stones they can find. Also seen in the story is where Tessie Hutchinson taps "her friend Mrs. Delacroix 'on the arm as a farewell' hardly seems a sign of sisterly concern. A short time later, it is Mrs. Delacroix who 'selected a stone so large she had to pick it up with both hands' when her 'friend' Tessie has become the scapegoat"(226). Tessie, too, portrays herself as a hypocrite in "The Lottery." When the drawing for the dotted paper takes place, everyone takes their paper and they know that they cannot turn back on their word. When a Hutchinson family member pulls up the paper, Tessie quickly turns hypocritical complaining that, "You didn't give him time enough to take any paper he wanted. I saw you. It wasn't fair"(Jackson 267). One source says that this assertion by Tessie "is neither the cry of an innocent victim nor a martyrs triumphant statement. It is the peevish last complaint of a hypocrite who has been hoisted by her own petard"(Yarmove 244).

Looking back through thousands of years, rituals and traditions have been very common throughout global society, whether it be a simple induction ceremony into a college fraternity or a symbolic rain dance performed by a small tribe in Africa in hopes of bringing rain to their withered crops. In the story Jackson uses the scapegoat archetype "...to build on man's inherent need for such ritual"(Griffin 44). Most rituals have strict guidelines and rules that should not be discouraged or broken. In "The Lottery," however, the villagers disobey part of the ritual of the lottery and lose the original box and three-legged stool that the previous villagers used. Jackson proceeds to tell us how "The original paraphernalia for the lottery had been lost long ago, and the black box now resting on the stool had been put into use even before Old Man Warner, the oldest man in town, was born"(264). The villagers have not completely disobeyed the rules of tradition, however, as Coulthard tells us, "Jackson's cold comment on the sacrifice itself makes it clear that the killing is a pleasurable end in itself, not an onerous duty demanded by tradtion: 'Although the villagers had forgotten the ritual and lost the original black box, they still remembered to use the stones"(227). A question that may arise at this point is that can a person be redeemed for forgetting or disobeying something, as long as they obey or remember part of it? The true answer is only derivable from a person's opinions based on their religious, philosophical, or mental beliefs. Coulthard also iterates "That 'someone gave little Davy Hutchinson a few pebbles' surely isn't required by custom, and the last line of the story, 'then they were upon