Three Main Criteria for Mental Illness

Three main criteria for mental illness

- The three D’s

1. Deviant

2. Dysfunctional (Maladaptive)

3. Distressing to Self or Others

Schizophrenia

Symptoms

- Irrational Thought

- Deterioration of Thought

- Distorted Perception (Hallucinations)

- Disturbed Emotion

Note: Does NOT mean ‘split-personality’

Mood disorders

- Unipolar Depression

o (mild = dysthymia)

- Major vs. “Normal” Depression

o 10 times more common in your generation than in your grandparents’

o women are two times more likely than men to experience major depression

- Genetic Disposition

- Neurochemical imbalance tends to be associated with depression

o Low Levels of Norepinephrine & Serotonin

Criteria (at least 5)

1. depressed mood most of day, everyday

2. marked disinterest and lack of pleasure

3. significant weight loss or gain

4. insomnia

5. fatigue/loss of energy

6. feelings of worthlessness

7. inability to concentrate

8. recurring thoughts of death/suicidal

Depression

Bipolar depression

Manic Phase

- persistently elevated, expansive, & irritable mood

- inflated self-esteem or grandiosity

- decreased need for sleep

- unusually talkative

- flight of ideas

- highly distractible

- psychomotor agitation

- excessively pleasure oriented (buying sprees, promiscuity, foolish business investments)

Personality disorders

- Stable, ingrained, inflexible & maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, & behaving

Three General Categories

- Dramatic/Impulsive

- Anxious/Fearful

- Odd/Eccentric

Three main types of personality disorders

1. Schizotypal (Odd/Eccentric)

a. Peculiar, odd thoughts & appearance, eccentric, detached

2. Narcissistic (Dramatic/Impulsive)

a. Self-absorbed, expects special treatment

3. Borderline (Dramatic/Impulsive)

a. between “normal & psychotic”

Intense, unstable moods, chronic anger, drug abuse, no sense of self, manipulative

Anti-social personality disorder

4. Anti-social (Dramatic/Impulsive)

a. aka sociopaths, psychopaths; 3x more males

b. Manipulative, exploitative, dishonest, no guilt or fear, punishment does not deter them; lack of attachment or feelings for other

c. Between 40% & 75% of prison population is anti-social Con

Anxiety disorders

Four Categories Generalized anxiety disorder, Phobic disorder, Panic disorder, OCD

- Generalized Anxiety Disorder

- Phobic Disorder (simple & social)

o Snakes, Heights, Water, Public Speaking

- Panic Disorder

- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

o Obsession: thought

o Compulsion: behavior

M’Naughten rules of insanity

Parent-Child Relationship Inventory

Not Guilty by the Reason of insanity (How common?)

ADD FORENSIC STUFF BACK TO CHAPTER 14 SEE PAGES 510-524

Questions

What are the similarities and differences between clinical and counseling psychology?

Similarities

Both concern the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders

Differences

Clinical Psychology

- tends to deal with more serious disorders (those that interfere with everyday functioning)

Counseling Psychology

- tends to deal with everyday problems (less serious) and that do not drastically interfere with everyday functioning

What are the three major steps clinicians generally take in assessing mental disorders (as per lecture)?

- Diagnostic & Statistical Manual (DSM-5)

- CRITERIA: The 3 D’s

1. Deviant

2. Dysfunctional (Maladaptive)

3. Distressing to Self or Others

Research tends to support which method of clinical prediction is better, actuarial or clinical?

- Normal Distribution

o Graph of a hill