What Is Merit?

The word Merit can be defined as "the state or quality of being deserving or worthy of, to earn by service, (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)." Before you can understand the magnitude of the merit system, you have to know systems in which the merit system extended from and how they came about. If looking at the merit system now you would be able to read and see that, the Merit system is designed to provide a fair and equitable personnel management system, which recruits, develop and classify employees. It also assures the fair treatment of employees and applicants within personnel. Under the merit system, personnel decisions are based on specified standards, qualifications, and performance (Cayer 44). Merit hiring is an attempt to end the practice of hiring political friends and loyalists for jobs as a reward for their political service, in which this practice is related to a system known as patronage, which was embraced by George Washington and other political figures today as well. Patronage is the power of a government official or leader to make appointments and offer favors. Once in office, a politician can use patronage to build a loyal following. Though practiced at all levels of government, patronage is most often associated with a lot of big cities or large states. Politicians always criticize the civil service system, saying they much prefer the patronage structure where they have real control and real power over the people who work for them. The spoils system involves political activity by public employees in support of their party and the employees' removal from office if their party loses the election. The spoils system was the practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs. Often the jobs were given base on personal friendship and didn't take into account any actual merit or ability to perform the job.

In a historical overview of performance based government or personnel systems you could date back as far as our nations first President. It was George Washington and his men of courage that really started this performance based government system in my mind. During President Washington's time in office, it was very common for the men who displayed excellence on the battlefield to be granted high-ranking government positions. This was at a time in our country when the war and battle heroes were placed on pedestals, in addition these men were the educated men who led us into battle. So in the public mind, George Washington and his men of courage were ideal for these positions based on their performance in battle. This system was brought out in the movie, "The Patriot", with Mel Gibson being a hero in battle, but was also looked at as a political figure with a voice in the senate. Then the performance-based government took a wide turn for change with the system that President Andrew Jackson introduced called the spoils system. "To the victor goes, the spoils." This was the type of government that was favored by Jackson and typically meant that if you support my political affiliation and I am victorious, at that point you will be taken care of in return. To an extent, I agree with taking care of people who support you along the way, however I disagree with placing political supporters in very important government, political, and partisan positions. So in the early years of our nations government, we were ran by presidency that favored performance based style of government and then by one that necessarily did not favor a performance based government. We live in an era today that uses campaigns, debates, commercials, primaries and elections to inform you of the individual, who is seeking an office and what party he or she is represent. Once this person is in office there are certain things that he or she has the power to do and not to do. Congress passed the Civil Service Act of 1883 also known as the Pendleton Act, which established the first Civil Service Commission to guard against patronage appointments. There have been other civil service laws, which has followed to safeguard or act as a "watchdog", against and eliminate partisan political preferences. The government today is more structured that the government of our early presidents. These changes from George Washington to Bush didn't happen overnight, but it came through trial and error period that has got us to where we are currently today. Some would still say we still live in a performance-based government, because of the policies and procedures that are in place to monitor the creation and execution of programs, hiring and firing of state employees. Some would say we don't live in a performance-based government now, because with the new leadership comes the cutting of previously approved positions and creation of positions and programs that mirror the attitude of the new person I power. These systems still exist in our nations government and are very evident depending upon which state or city you're in. In the late 1960's and early and 70's there were social and technological changes which tested the existence of the merit system challenges which forced conscientious personnel commissioners and administrators to question traditional merit principles and practices. The merit system principles are the public's expectations of a system that is efficient, effective, fair, open to all, free from political interference, and staffed by honest, competent, and dedicated employees. This system is guided by 9 principles, which are:

1. Recruit qualified individuals from all segments of society and select and advance employees on the basis of merit after fair and open competition, which assures that all receive equal opportunity.

2. Treat employees and applicants fairly and equitably, without regard to political affiliation, race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, or handicapping condition, and with proper regard for their privacy and constitutional rights.

3. Provide equal pay for equal work and recognize excellent performance.

4. Maintain high standards of integrity, conduct, and concern for the public interest.

5. Manage employees efficiently and effectively.

6. Retain and separate employees on the basis of their performance.

7. Educate and train employees when it will result in better organizational or individual performance.

8. Protect employees from arbitrary action, personal favoritism, or coercion for partisan political purposes.

9. Protect employees against reprisal for the lawful disclosure of information in "whistleblower" situations (i.e., protecting people who report things