"the Decisive Reason for the Advance of Bureaucratic Organization Has Always Been Its Purely Technical Superiority over Any Other Form of Organization (weber)" Discuss

Bureaucratic organization has been manifested in the human administration system for over 5000 years. The history has written that such organization has been invented in the times of the Egyptian dominant. The creation of a bureaucratic system raise from the monarchy, the ruling of one principle monarch has established a figure that can be seen as the start of the bureaucratic organization.

The early establishment of bureaucratic administration were seen and put in to practice in the system of the hierarchy structure, ruling by the king down to each step of his sub ordinate. The civilian had no practice to say or voting right to the country policy and its development. In that time it was very much a class divided matters, the ruling class for example king politicians and royal bloods were among the people that practice and execute all the policies. Civilians at that time live under the control of the law which were controlled by the upper ruling class. It has been gathered that the corruption level was high; the practice ruling class used benefits and powers to serve their own demands.

The next point that we going to look at; are the reform in the nineteenth century. At this time the last module of the bureaucratic system has been attacked that it is technically inefficient, it is solitary to remember that it was it self an improvement compare to early reform. It is recommended to: abolition of patronage and the substitutions of recruitment by open competitive examination under the supervision of a central examining board; reorganization of official staffs of central department in broad classes to deal with intellectual and mechanical work respectively; and filling higher post by promotion from inside based on merit.( Hughes, Owen) In this period of time the public administration organization recruitment policy has developed, the understanding of bringing in high skill workers reflected the development of the world education standard. It is obvious that in this particular method the public administration performance would increase the reflection of that comes directly from the devoted workers. It is true that to step up the hierarchy ladder in the traditional module of public administration organization will required times and services. The work forces will rely purely on their experience and the length of time they have services the particular organization in order for them to increase in rank or being promoted.

Later in the nineteenth century Woodrow Wilson from the United state and Max Weber combined together influence the changes of public management and administration. From Weber came the theory of bureaucracy the idea of distinct, professional public service, recruited and appointed by merit, political neutral, which would remain in office through out changes of government. From Wilson came the view that politicians should responsible for making policies, while administration would be responsible for carrying it out. From both is the derived the notion that administration could be instrumental and technical, remove from the political sphere. From this we could see the separation of work from the politician and the admin workforce, it is obvious according to Wilson the politician will make the policy and the public administration will carry out the duty. In some sense we could understand that the politician are there to make vital decision they came from civilians vote and therefore they should be in the position to execute the vital decision. The administration will carry out the establish policy and put in the best effort to create the most effective performance among the community and the society. The administrative staffs are not in the position to make policy or to interpret policy but solely to carry out and work from the orders from the politicians.

The most important theoretical principle of the tradition model of administration is Weber's theory of bureaucracy. There are some argument about the direct influence at his work will not be translated until many years after they were written. However, Ostrom argues, Weber's theory of bureaucracy was fully congruent with the traditional theory of the public administration in both form and method (1974, p.9).

In the setting out a basis of his theory, Weber argued there were three type of authority: first, the charismatic- the appeal of an extraordinary leader; the traditional - such an authority of a tribal chief; and rational/legal authority. These three theories that Weber has established are different in many forms. The most used and the most efficient is the rational/legal theory. Weber set out six principles for modern system of bureaucracy, deriving from the idea of rational/legal authority (Gerth and Mills, 1970, p.196/8). Each of the idea has their own reflection on the bureaucratic administrative organization. The principle of the fixed and official jurisdictional areas, which are generally ordered by rules, that is by law or administrative