Aphrodite and Greek Art

Understanding Aphrodite is an experience of understanding feminine sexuality. For heterosexual men feminine sexuality means coming to terms with the impact of a lover upon the personality. Women view sexuality as it entails coming to terms with one's own sensual nature. For men the impact of the personality can mean several different things, such as beauty, sexuality, desire, and passion. These are all apparent traits in the way Aphrodite is viewed and displayed in Greek art. Aphrodite is the goddess of beauty and sexuality and that is exactly how she is perceived and depicted.

In many ways, which I will explain through the paper, Aphrodite takes part in near pornography, the first public displays at least. The way I will define pornography in this paper is by addressing the desire one possesses for a female, and the way Aphrodite induced this desire. This portrayal of Aphrodite in a pornographic sense can be seen through statues, paintings, literature, and friezes. The pieces of art that I have chosen to view which represent Aphrodite as being viewed as a sex symbol in a pornographic sense are, Aphrodite riding a swan, Aphrodite of Knidos, Aphrodite and Pan from Delos, and Aphrodite of Melos.

The first piece I want to discuss is Aphrodite riding a goose or swan; in the piece itself it is hard to determine which one it is (Pratt, P.110). For arguments sake, let's just call it a swan, but either way the fact that Aphrodite is riding a bird is what is most important to consider when viewing this piece. This piece was from the time period between 470-460 B.C. and represents Aphrodite not only in a way of beauty and sexuality, but as a nurturing woman as well. To start off lets discuss what a swan represents in Greek art and its relevance to Aphrodite.

The swan in nature is a bird and the bird represents the air or the heavens. The swan also represents female sensuality, love, lustfulness, and even rape, which will be discussed later in the paper. All of these attributes which the swan represents are also qualities that Aphrodite represents as well. The fact that Aphrodite is controlling the swan by riding it shows Aphrodite's control over these attributes shared by both figures. Even though in this particular piece Aphrodite is clothed her sexual side is still represented by many other factors. These factors include the already stated controlling of the swan, her pose on which she is riding the swan, and the fact that Aphrodite is extending her hand holding a flower, which also represents beauty, love and sexuality in Greek art.

The pose that Aphrodite is positioned in the piece illustrates calmness and a sense of warmth and comfort. Even though Aphrodite is riding a wild swan her emotions are limited and she seems as if she is really at ease on the swan. Aphrodite has an archaic smile; she is not even holding on to the swan just calmly sitting representing the comfort once again, or even the idea that the two are intertwinable; they are compliments of one another. While riding the swan with a great comfort Aphrodite is also holding on to a very large flower, which also represents beauty, love, as well as a holding over nature because she is controlling the flower. The idea of Aphrodite holding on to the flower while riding the swan is a very comparable image to the snake goddess of early archaic Greece.

The ways the two are similar are the ideas of women controlling nature. The reason women control nature is because of their fertility, or their capabilities of nurturing, being hand in hand with nature. While the snake goddess controls the snakes Aphrodite controls the flower and the bird, which is tied into with the snake as representing nature. The snake is representative of water, and the flower represents land, and the bird represents air, these three attributes combined to mesh into one archetype; that Aphrodite is the goddess and controller of beauty, love, nature, sexuality, and sensuality.

While this particular piece does not openly exhibit pornography or a heavy sense of sexuality, its underlying meaning represents mans uncontrollable lust or desire for women. In Greek mythology Aphrodite's swan gradually becomes associated with Apollo, and the story of Zeus taking on the formation of a swan to rape Leda, who was a bird goddess, providing an example of mans uncontrollable desire for women and their presence of sensuality and sexuality (Pratt, P. 112). This formation of a man into a swan also eliminates the idea of a swan being the one factor that could stop this desire of mans lust for women, or be the factor that could stop men from raping women. This formation is apparent that no matter how desirous a woman might be the man has total control over the woman in Greek society, so to say that the swan represents women's safety form rape is alleviated by the story of Zeus taking Leda.

The next piece I would like to discuss is the statue of Aphrodite at Knidos (Osborne, P.233). This statue is more representative of the image of sexuality and a bit more on the pornographic idea of Aphrodite and Greek art. The basis of this statue is a fully nude Aphrodite with an intriguing look on her face, gestures, which represent different ideas when viewed from different perspectives. In this piece Aphrodite seems to be glaring into the eyes of the viewer. Her eyes are set deep into her head and she seems to be very focused for someone who is just getting out of a bath. She is looking out at something and seems to not even know that she is naked. She is preoccupied with something else; as if she knew someone was going to see her be naked, as if she was anticipating the viewer to see her.

The statue is made to be seen in a full circle around the piece. When looking at the piece in different angles her gestures seem to move but her glare out at something remains the same. Her eyes are telling the viewer that she thinks it is alright to see her naked. On the opposite end of Aphrodite's eyes are her gestures. Her gesture tells a different story when looked at from a different angles or perspectives.

When viewing Aphrodite from the front or head on she seems to be covering herself up, her gesture with her hand is covering her genital region. This covering is followed with the idea that she is reaching for a towel to cover herself up. This reaching for a towel is telling the viewer they are unwelcome, but her body language tells a different story. Even though when you are viewing her from the front and she seems to be covering herself up Aphrodite is in a very sexual pose with her body. She seems very relaxed and her hips are kind of swayed out, as if she was posing for the viewer. Her leg is bent forward perhaps gesturing to the idea that she is walking toward the viewer. This gesture of covering herself up is viewed differently